人工智能安全（精裝版）

第 1 章 概述 ·················································································.1
1.1 人工智能的發展、應用及其安全性 ············································1
1.1.1 人工智能的發展···························································1
1.1.2 人工智能的應用···························································4
1.1.3 人工智能帶來的安全問題···············································6
1.2 人工智能安全的範疇 ···························································.10
1.2.1 人工智能安全的範疇與特徵·········································.10
1.2.2 人工智能安全的分類··················································.13
1.3 人工智能安全治理 ······························································.20
1.3.1 人工智能安全與技術標準············································.24
1.3.2 人工智能安全與法律··················································.25
1.3.3 人工智能安全倫理道德···············································.26
1.3.4 人工智能安全評估評測···············································.26
1.4 本章小結 ··········································································.26
參考文獻 ················································································.27
本章執筆人 ·············································································.32
第 2 章 可信計算保障人工智能安全 ···················································33
2.1 可信計算技術 ····································································.34
2.1.1 可信計算簡介 ···························································.34
2.1.2 可信計算相關技術·····················································.35
2.1.3 可信計算標準體系·····················································.38
2.2 基於可信計算構建安全可信的人工智能計算環境 ·······················.39
2.2.1 人工智能系統啟動環境度量保護···································.41
2.2.2 人工智能系統運行環境度量保護···································.44
2.2.3 人工智能計算環境可信報告·········································.48
2.2.4 人工智能數據可信存儲···············································.49
2.2.5 人工智能系統可信審計···············································.52
2.3 基於可信計算實現人工智能數據可信交互 ································.55
2.3.1 人工智能數據可信交互連接架構···································.55
2.3.2 人工智能數據可信交互過程·········································.58
2.4 本章小結 ··········································································.59
參考文獻 ················································································.59
本章執筆人 ·············································································.60
第 3 章 無人系統安全 ·····································································61
3.1 無人駕駛安全 ····································································.61
3.1.1 無人駕駛安全研究概述···············································.61
3.1.2 現狀與發展趨勢························································.63
3.1.3 研究內容 ·································································.65
3.1.4 我國無人駕駛的人工智能安全方案和風險應對策略 ··········.79
3.2 多無人系統協同 ·································································.82
3.2.1 發展方向與進展························································.82
3.2.2 安全要素分析 ···························································.85
3.2.3 技術保障措施 ···························································.95
3.3 本章小結 ··········································································.98
參考文獻 ················································································.99
本章執筆人 ·············································································101
第 4 章 基於類腦計算的強人工智能及其安全 ····································.102
4.1 概念界定及其技術實現途徑 ··················································102
4.1.1 相關基本概念 ···························································102
4.1.2 關於強人工智能發展與實現的觀點································106
4.1.3 基於類腦計算的強人工智能·········································107
4.2 時間預測及潛在安全問題分析 ···············································112
4.2.1 發展階段預測 ···························································112
4.2.2 時間點預測 ······························································118
4.2.3 理論及技術研究階段的潛在安全問題·····························121
4.2.4 應用階段的潛在安全問題············································125
4.3 安全風險對策與風險預防策略研究 ·········································127
4.3.1 安全風險評估及風險對策研究······································127
4.3.2 理論及技術研究階段的風險預防策略·····························131
4.3.3 應用階段的風險預防策略研究······································136
4.4 本章小結 ··········································································139
參考文獻 ················································································139
本章執筆人 ·············································································143
第 5 章 智能製造和智能城市中的人工智能應用安全 ···························.144
5.1 智能製造中的人工智能應用安全 ············································144
5.1.1 發展現狀 ·································································145
5.1.2 應用場景 ·································································153
5.1.3 安全風險分析 ···························································156
5.1.4 安全技術體系 ···························································161
5.1.5 重點產業與應用發展方向············································162
5.2 智能城市中的人工智能應用安全 ············································163
5.2.1 發展現狀 ·································································163
5.2.2 應用場景 ·································································169
5.2.3 安全風險分析 ···························································172
5.2.4 安全技術體系 ···························································175
5.2.5 重點產業與應用發展方向············································175
5.3 本章小結 ··········································································177
參考文獻 ················································································177
本章執筆人 ·············································································180
第 6 章 網絡安全 ········································································.181
6.1 概述 ················································································181
6.2 應用現狀與趨勢 ·································································182
6.2.1 在網絡攻擊中的應用··················································182
6.2.2 在網絡防禦中的應用··················································190
6.3 應用引發的安全問題與應對 ··················································202
6.3.1 應用引發的安全問題與應對措施綜述·····························203
6.3.2 對抗樣本問題 ···························································205
6.3.3 對抗樣本問題的應對措施············································207
6.4 值得深入研究的內容 ···························································209
6.4.1 基於人工智能技術的網絡攻擊······································209
6.4.2 基於人工智能技術的網絡防禦······································210
6.4.3 針對人工智能技術的網絡攻擊······································211
6.4.4 針對人工智能技術的網絡防禦······································213
6.5 本章小結 ··········································································214
參考文獻 ················································································215
本章執筆人 ·············································································220
第 7 章 人工智能安全可控的產業生態建設 ·······································.221
7.1 安全可控的產業生態建設的概念與內涵 ···································221
7.2 我國人工智能安全可控水平分析 ············································223
7.2.1 國內外人工智能應用技術發展研究································223
7.2.2 我國人工智能安全可控需要解決的主要問題 ···················239
7.3 我國人工智能產業生態建設現狀分析 ······································246
7.3.1 人工智能產業生態現狀分析·········································247
7.3.2 我國人工智能產業生態建設存在的主要問題 ···················250
7.4 我國人工智能安全可控與產業生態建設 ···································252
7.4.1 人工智能產業生態建設與安全可控水平的關系 ················252
7.4.2 我國安全可控的人工智能軟硬件發展目標 ······················252
7.4.3 我國安全可控的人工智能產業生態發展目標 ···················253
7.4.4 我國 IT 產業發展對安全可控的人工智能產業生態建設的啟示 ·······································································254
7.5 建設安全可控的人工智能產業生態的措施 ································255
7.5.1 加強對人工智能安全可控發展的頂層設計 ······················255
7.5.2 加強人工智能應用技術的安全可控能力 ·························256
7.5.3 強化安全可控的人工智能產業生態建設 ·························257
7.5.4 人工智能應用產業鏈要素安全可控································258
7.6 本章小結 ··········································································260
參考文獻 ················································································261
本章執筆人 ·············································································261
第 8 章 人工智能安全標準與風險評估預警 ·······································.262
8.1 人工智能安全標準 ······························································262
8.1.1 人工智能安全標準的理論和實踐意義·····························262
8.1.2 人工智能安全標準研製概況·········································264
8.1.3 ISO/IEC JTC1 人工智能技術安全相關標準 ······················267
8.1.4 ITU-T 人工智能應用安全相關標準 ·······························268
8.1.5 IEEE 人工智能倫理道德安全相關標準 ···························269
8.1.6 NIST 組織研製人工智能安全相關標準 ···························271
8.1.7 我國的人工智能安全標準············································271
8.1.8 基於模塊劃分的人工智能安全標準體系分類 ···················274
8.2 人工智能安全風險評估 ························································285
8.2.1 風險評估的概念························································285
8.2.2 人工智能安全風險評估原則、流程與方法 ······················286
8.2.3 人工智能安全風險評估指標體系構建·····························288
8.3 人工智能安全風險預警 ························································299
8.3.1 人工智能安全風險預警方法·········································299
8.3.2 安全風險預警等級劃分及閾值確定································302
8.4 本章小結 ··········································································303
參考文獻 ················································································303
本章執筆人 ·············································································304
第 9 章 人工智能法律倫理 ····························································.305
9.1 人工智能倫理 ····································································305
9.2 強人工智能倫理 ·································································313
9.2.1 人工智能的倫理風險與治理現狀···································314
9.2.2 強人工智能的倫理風險···············································317
9.2.3 強人工智能體的倫理身份與新型倫理關系 ······················326
9.2.4 向善的強人工智能——優化共生設計 ·····························331
9.2.5 強人工智能倫理治理的初步思考···································333
9.3 人工智能法律治理 ······························································335
9.3.1 人工智能應用引發的法律問題······································335
9.3.2 人工智能法律治理原則、機制與規律·····························337
9.4 本章小結 ··········································································343
參考文獻 ················································································343
本章執筆人 ·············································································345