軟件平臺架構設計與技術管理之道

目錄

 

第1部分 技術負責人的工作錦囊

 

第1章 良好認知，成功鑰匙 ···········································································2

 

1.1 為技術負責人畫像 ····················3

 

1.2 技術分工細化之殤 ····················5

 

1.3 決策是平衡與取捨的藝術 ···········8

 

1.3.1 沒有完美答案 ·························8

 

1.3.2 記錄決策理由 ·························9

 

1.3.3 掌握行業方法 ·······················10

 

1.4 會有第五代架構嗎 ··················12

 

1.4.1 前四代架構的精髓 ·················12

 

1.4.2 深諳架構職業特性 ·················13

 

1.4.3 預測五代無意義 ····················15

 

1.5 簡潔開明的領導風格 ···············16

 

1.5.1 透明求真和溝通交互 ··············16

 

1.5.2 領會無為而治 ·······················19

 

1.6 平臺思維和情緒管理 ···············21

 

1.6.1 項目制vs平臺型 ···················21

 

1.6.2 不要憤世嫉俗 ·······················23

 

1.6.3 去除地盤意識 ·······················23

 

1.7 提升架構設計嚴謹性 ···············26

 

1.7.1 架構設計思維原則與模式 ········26

 

1.7.2 過程增強與工具運用 ··············29

 

1.8 問題並非出在技術上 ···············33

 

1.8.1 貴在積極對話 ·······················33

 

1.8.2 方法論勝負手 ·······················34

 

1.9 精明贏得公司匯報 ··················36

 

1.9.1 關註真正的重點 ····················37

 

1.9.2 亮出點看家本事 ····················37

 

1.9.3 研發管理上得分 ····················38

 

1.10 別指望每個人都認可架構 ········39

 

1.10.1 問題客觀存在 ······················39

 

1.10.2 不合理的使用 ······················40

 

1.10.3 尋找可行之路 ······················42

 

1.11 一點規劃勝過多次補救 ···········43

 

1.12 掌握稟賦，正確用人 ··············46

 

第2章 萃取精華，駕馭主題 ·········································································48

 

2.1 起個響亮的名稱代號 ···············49

 

2.1.1 代號的價值 ··························49

 

2.1.2 輕松的時刻 ··························50

 

2.2 通用一致的專業術語 ···············52

 

2.2.1 非模糊語言 ··························52

 

2.2.2 廣學活用行話 ·······················53

 

2.3 制定全景路徑 ························56

 

2.3.1 模式形態分析 ·······················57

 

 

 

2.3.2 單元實現方式 ·······················58

 

2.3.3 繪制路線圖 ··························59

 

2.4 聚焦邊界抓主脈 ·····················60

 

2.5 合理運用架構模式 ··················63

 

2.5.1 必須學以致用 ·······················63

 

2.5.2 謹防過度設計 ·······················64

 

2.6 立起架構，遞增部署 ···············66

 

2.7 打造數據堡壘 ························68

 

2.7.1 數據庫的發展歷程 ·················68

 

2.7.2 數據模型不可變 ····················69

 

2.7.3 數據資產重於一切 ·················70

 

2.8 有無兜底方式 ························71

 

2.8.1 學會使用補償 ·······················71

 

2.8.2 其他兜底方式 ·······················72

 

2.9 運行、維護保鮮 ·····················74

 

2.9.1 掌握運行水位線 ····················75

 

2.9.2 進行定期演練 ·······················76

 

2.9.3 平臺運維手冊 ·······················77

 

2.10 技術白皮書 ··························80

 

2.11 再來幾條技術錦囊 ·················82

 

2.11.1 別把快速當成敏捷 ················82

 

2.11.2 用多少時間做架構 ················83

 

2.11.3 關註模型與代碼融合 ·············84

 

2.11.4 避免成為僵屍系統 ················85

 

2.11.5 向結構性失衡宣戰 ················85

 

第3章平臺視角，頂層設計 ·········································································90

 

3.1 分層總體架構 ························91

 

3.2 交互關系設計 ························95

 

3.2.1 交互流程設計 ·······················95

 

3.2.2 系統邏輯關系設計 ·················97

 

3.3 數據架構設計 ························98

 

3.3.1 業務視角設計 ·······················99

 

3.3.2 技術視角設計 ······················100

 

3.4 工程技術架構 ·······················102

 

3.5 流量分佈設計 ·······················105

 

3.6 應用部署設計 ·······················108

 

3.6.1 板塊劃分 ····························108

 

3.6.2 各類網關 ····························109

 

3.6.3 板塊內應用系統 ···················110

 

3.6.4 中間件及公共資源 ················110

 

3.7 系統通信設計 ·······················111

 

3.7.1 通信網絡及服務 ···················111

 

3.7.2 系統間通信技術（IPC） ·········112

 

3.7.3 埠及響應碼 ······················116

 

3.8 應用安全架構 ·······················118

 

3.8.1 企業安全框架 ······················118

 

3.8.2 應用安全三面觀 ···················119

 

3.8.3 移動應用安全設計 ················120

 

3.9 日誌體系設計 ·······················124

 

3.9.1 日誌分層分類 ······················125

 

3.9.2 聚合與使用 ·························126

 

 

目錄XIX

 

第4章核心能力，全景覆蓋 ·······································································128

 

4.1 高可用體系設計 ····················129

 

4.1.1 範疇及相互關系 ···················129

 

4.1.2 冗餘機制的設計 ···················131

 

4.1.3 防禦降級設計 ······················133

 

4.1.4 發布保障 ····························136

 

4.2 應用高性能設計 ····················139

 

4.2.1 前端開發領域 ······················140

 

4.2.2 後端開發領域 ······················141

 

4.2.3 數據與數據庫 ······················143

 

4.2.4 非數據類對象 ······················144

 

4.2.5 設計與選型 ·························145

 

4.3 監控報警體系 ·······················147

 

4.4 可用率和容量衡量 ·················150

 

4.4.1 服務可用率衡量 ···················150

 

4.4.2 平臺容量衡量 ······················152

 

4.5 並發性能衡量 ·······················155

 

4.5.1 QPS和TPS·························155

 

4.5.2 性能衡量方法 ······················157

 

4.6 容災模式設計 ·······················160

 

4.7 分佈式之無狀態 ····················164

 

4.8 分佈式之事務 ·······················167

 

4.9 分佈式之鎖 ··························171

 

第5章精進管理，磨練團隊 ·······································································174

 

5.1 分配好團隊體力 ····················175

 

5.2 立體化指標體系 ····················178

 

5.3 保持張力應對變化 ·················181

 

5.3.1 變化無處不在 ······················181

 

5.3.2 償還技術債務 ······················183

 

5.4 抓評審立基石 ·······················184

 

5.4.1 精進技術 ····························184

 

5.4.2 帶入問題 ····························186

 

5.4.3 管理抓手 ····························187

 

5.5 流程及質量卡口 ····················188

 

5.5.1 務必保持好陣型 ···················188

 

5.5.2 質量關口前移 ······················191

 

5.5.3 與開發相互融合 ···················192

 

5.6 交付效能評估 ·······················194

 

5.6.1 選擇合適指標 ······················195

 

5.6.2 做成加分項 ·························196

 

5.7 堅守文檔底線 ·······················198

 

5.7.1 精簡是必然趨勢 ···················198

 

5.7.2 兩文檔不可裁剪 ···················199

 

5.7.3 對編寫水平把關 ···················200

 

5.8 揪出那幾類故障 ····················202

 

5.8.1 仔細認真地對待 ···················202

 

5.8.2 故障的2/8定律 ····················203

 

5.9 還有哪些管理妙計 ·················205

 

5.9.1 經得起三問 ·························205

 

5.9.2 洞察緩慢混亂 ······················206

 

5.9.3 一切都不在掌控中 ················207

 

5.9.4 應變轉型與變革 ···················207

 

 

第2部分技術圖表材料實戰解碼

 

第6章簡潔方案，直達問題域 ····································································210

 

6.1 中心間運行關系 ····················211

 

6.2 對賬處理邏輯 ·······················213

 

6.3 系統環境遷移 ·······················215

 

6.4 適配新老客戶 ·······················217

 

6.5 參與方間關系 ·······················219

 

6.6 系統通信關系 ·······················221

 

6.7 全局路線圖 ··························223

 

6.7.1 瀑布式風格 ·························223

 

6.7.2 迭代式風格 ·························224

 

第7章架構設計，超強表現力 ····································································226

 

7.1 分層架構示意圖 ····················227

 

7.1.1 偏重中台和技術棧 ················227

 

7.1.2 偏重業務系統域 ···················228

 

7.2 應用安全示意圖 ····················230

 

7.3 交互流程設計示意圖 ··············232

 

7.3.1 經典泳道風格 ······················232

 

7.3.2 立體圖風格 ·························235

 

7.4 系統邏輯關系示意圖 ··············236

 

7.4.1 立體圖風格 ·························236

 

7.4.2 分層次風格 ·························238

 

7.5 應用系統部署示意圖 ··············239

 

7.6 數據架構設計示意圖 ··············241

 

7.6.1 偏重數據處理關系 ················241

 

7.6.2 偏重於分區關系 ···················242

 

7.7 系統功能框架示意圖 ··············244

 

7.7.1 功能地圖型 ·························244

 

7.7.2 功能與交互混合型 ················246

 

第8章積累復用，多走捷徑 ·······································································247

 

8.1 技術評審檢查點 ····················248

 

8.1.1 前端領域 ····························248

 

8.1.2 後端領域 ····························251

 

8.2 上線與運行事件台賬 ··············254

 

8.2.1 版本上線台賬 ······················254

 

8.2.2 運行事件台賬 ······················256

 

參考文獻 ··································································································258

致謝 ········································································································259

後記這是富有意義的嘗試 ··········································································261

 

讓無形的道躍然紙上 ··············261

 

一份追求與一絲期望 ··············263