Artificial Intelligence in Context of Digital Sovereignty
暫譯: 數位主權下的人工智慧

在一個日益受到科技影響的世界中，數位主權對於國家和組織來說是維護自主權的關鍵需求。這不僅僅是對數據和基礎設施的控制；它關乎在人工智慧時代保護價值觀、隱私和倫理。這一概念使實體能夠減少對外國科技的依賴，確保他們的數位未來反映其獨特的優先事項和需求。它為那些在不斷變化的科技和地緣政治環境中航行的人提供了重要的見解，提供了既具啟發性的理論又具實用的策略，以實現數位獨立。本書提供了一條導航人工智慧採用複雜性的路線圖，重點關注隱私、安全性以及將人工智慧與當地價值觀對齊的重要性。這是一本對於任何關心科技和地緣政治未來的人來說都非常及時的指南。

本書是政策制定者、學者、科技從業者以及任何關心人工智慧、數位主權和網絡安全交集的人必讀的書籍。

主要特點：
- 討論如何改善數位主權，並參考人工智慧以應對法律和技術障礙/挑戰。
- 提供數位主權發展的當前狀況及其實現情況。
- 討論有關數位主權的政策改善。
- 涵蓋與網絡主權、數據主權、技術主權、人工智慧的角色、工業應用、數據中心主權、工業數據空間等相關的廣泛主題。
- 作為一個平台，讓各領域的專家分享他們的新見解，展示該領域的多學科特性。

Dr. Sanjay Misra is a Senior Scientist at the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Halden, Norway. He holds a Ph.D. in Information and Knowledge Engineering (University of Alcala, Spain) and an M.Tech. in Software Engineering (MLN NIT, India). His research spans Applied Informatics, Digital Sovereignty, Sustainability, and AI-based Intelligent Systems. Recognised among the top 2% of scientists globally by Stanford University forsix consecutive years, he ranked 6th in Norway across disciplines in 2024. A recipient of the 2014 IET Software Premium Award, he was a Senior IEEE Member and ACM Distinguished Lecturer (2021-2024). He has chaired major conferences, including founding General Chair of the first Digital Sovereignty Conference (2024, Oslo; proceedings by Elsevier), edited top journals including Nature: Scientific Reports, and serves as Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Human Capital & IT Professionals. With 100+ books and proceedings, and over 100 keynotes in 60+ countries, he is a leading global voice in informatics, Digital Sovereignty, and AI.

Petter Kvalvik is Head of Department for Business Development and a Senior Scientist at the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE). He holds a Master's degree in Applied Computer Science, a Master of Management in Strategy and Project Portfolio Management, a Master's degree in Safety and Security Critical Systems, and a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration. Petter leads the new research area on Digital Sovereignty, which includes, among other things, federated and autonomous systems, data spaces and data products, data governance, decentralised identities, digital trust, and interoperability. He is responsible for following up on the European data strategy, the European technology stack, the Big Data Value Association, and the annual International Conference on Digital Sovereignty. He also heads the My Digital City programme and the Norwegian FIWARE iHub for Iot. Both initiatives play a vital role in piloting a Norwegian data space for smart communities, involving project participants such as Halden Municipality, Østfold University College, and Smart Innovation Norway.

Bjørn Axel Gran is vice president for IFE, Digital Systems in Halden. He has more than 25 years of experience with research and consultant/advisory services in oil & gas, energy, nuclear, railways and air traffic management. Gran was employed with Safetec and ABS Consulting (2010-2017) in different roles, among other group leaders and R&D managers. In the period 2014-2019, Gran was an Adjunct Professor (20% position) at the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. He obtained an MSc in industrial mathematics in 1993 and a PhD in the field of software reliability at NTNU in 2002.

Morgan Kjølerbakken is a physicist, computer scientist, and entrepreneur, with a passion for research, technology, and innovation. He is currently a department lead at the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), where he leads a team focused on data science and AI. In addition, Kjølerbakken is a dedicated educator and serves as an Associate Professor at the Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Norway. Dr. Kjølerbakken's research interests lie in various fields, including sensor technology, computational physics, audio, electronics, signal processing, and AI. He is an expert in leading interdisciplinary collaborations and contributing to the development of innovative theories and methodologies. Beyond his academic pursuits, Dr. Kjølerbakken brings valuable experience from the industry, having funded and contributed to several successful startups, including Squarehead Technology, Elliptic Labs, and Airmont.

Aida Omerovic is a researcher, leader and practitioner with expertise in security risk management and system architectures. She has a track record of over 20 years in the public and private sectors in Europe. Aida works closely with technology-driven organizations across Europe, from critical domains (energy, communication, transport, finance and media), on enabling their strategic and future-proof digital innovation. She also actively disseminates best practices and research as a speaker/author/educator. She has published a textbook and 40+ peer-reviewed scientific articles, most of which deal with applied research, industrial development and innovation. Aida is a research manager and senior scientist at SINTEF, as well as an associate professor at Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Her previous positions include founder, CEO, consultant, senior scientist and research director. She serves as a director on several boards as well as on international public posts, which foster collaborations between professional and research communities. Aida holds an MSc in Engineering Cybernetics from NTNU and a PhD in Computer Science from the University of Oslo, Norway.

Nadia Saad Noori is an associate professor at the ICT department at the University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway and a Principal Investigator for the Cyber Resilient Organizations and Societies research group at the Centre of Integrated Emergency Management -University of Agder (CIEM-UiA). Dr. Noori is a Marie Sklodowska-Curie alumna with a background in computer and control systems engineering. She has over 20 years of combined experience between industry and academia. She holds both a BSc and an MSc in Computer Systems Engineering, with a focus on design and development of SCADA systems for the electrical energy sector. Furthermore, holds an MA Sc in Technology Innovation Management with a focus on open-source platforms for real-time communications and collaboration. In 2016, she obtained her PhD title in Electronic and Information Systems Engineering with a focus on applications of graph theory and complex network analysis to understand coordination and resource distribution in complex systems. her research interests focus on the applications of emerging technologies (i.e. Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, IoT, Cloud Computing) to solve problems and challenges related to industrial systems like SCADA systems, and the role of AI/ML methods to enable increased resilience of cyber-physical infrastructure systems.

**Dr. Sanjay Misra** 是挪威哈爾登能源技術研究所（Institute for Energy Technology, IFE）的高級科學家。他擁有西班牙阿爾卡拉大學的資訊與知識工程博士學位（Ph.D.）以及印度MLN國立科技學院的軟體工程碩士學位（M.Tech.）。他的研究範疇包括應用資訊學、數位主權、可持續性以及基於人工智慧的智能系統。根據史丹佛大學的評比，他連續六年被認定為全球前2%的科學家，並在2024年於挪威各學科中排名第六。他是2014年IET軟體優異獎的得主，曾擔任IEEE高級會員及ACM傑出講者（2021-2024）。他主持過多個重要會議，包括創辦2024年首屆數位主權會議的總主席（於奧斯陸舉行，會議論文由Elsevier出版），並編輯過《Nature: Scientific Reports》等頂尖期刊，現任《國際人力資本與IT專業人員期刊》的主編。他出版了超過100本書籍和會議論文，並在60多個國家發表了超過100場主題演講，是資訊學、數位主權和人工智慧領域的全球領軍人物。

**Petter Kvalvik** 是挪威哈爾登能源技術研究所（IFE）商業發展部門的負責人及高級科學家。他擁有應用計算機科學碩士學位、戰略與專案組合管理碩士學位、安全與安全關鍵系統碩士學位，以及商業管理學士學位。Petter負責新的數位主權研究領域，該領域包括聯邦和自主系統、數據空間和數據產品、數據治理、去中心化身份、數位信任和互操作性。他負責跟進歐洲數據戰略、歐洲技術堆疊、大數據價值協會以及年度國際數位主權會議。他還負責我的數位城市計畫和挪威FIWARE iHub的物聯網計畫。這兩個計畫在推動挪威智慧社區的數據空間方面扮演著重要角色，參與的項目成員包括哈爾登市、厄斯特福德大學和智慧創新挪威。

**Bjørn Axel Gran** 是挪威哈爾登IFE的數位系統副總裁。他在石油與天然氣、能源、核能、鐵路和空中交通管理等領域擁有超過25年的研究和顧問/諮詢經驗。Gran曾在Safetec和ABS Consulting（2010-2017）擔任不同職位，包括小組領導和研發經理。在2014年至2019年期間，Gran擔任挪威科技大學機械與工業工程系的兼任教授（20%職位）。他於1993年獲得工業數學碩士學位，並於2002年在NTNU獲得軟體可靠性領域的博士學位。

**Morgan Kjølerbakken** 是一位物理學家、計算機科學家和企業家，對研究、技術和創新充滿熱情。他目前是挪威哈爾登能源技術研究所（IFE）的部門負責人，領導一個專注於數據科學和人工智慧的團隊。此外，Kjølerbakken還是一位敬業的教育者，擔任挪威奧斯陸大學物理系的副教授。Kjølerbakken博士的研究興趣涵蓋多個領域，包括傳感器技術、計算物理、音頻、電子學、信號處理和人工智慧。他在領導跨學科合作和貢獻創新理論及方法論方面具有專業知識。除了學術追求外，Kjølerbakken博士還擁有來自業界的寶貴經驗，曾資助並參與多個成功的初創企業，包括Squarehead Technology、Elliptic Labs和Airmont。

**Aida Omerovic** 是一位研究人員、領導者和實踐者，專長於安全風險管理和系統架構。她在歐洲的公共和私營部門擁有超過20年的經驗。Aida與歐洲的技術驅動組織密切合作，涵蓋關鍵領域（能源、通信、交通、金融和媒體），以促進其戰略和未來的數位創新。她還積極作為演講者/作者/教育者傳播最佳實踐和研究。她出版了一本教科書和40多篇經過同行評審的科學文章，大多數涉及應用研究、工業發展和創新。Aida是SINTEF的研究經理和高級科學家，同時也是挪威科技大學的副教授。她的前職位包括創辦人、首席執行官、顧問、高級科學家和研究主任。她在多個董事會及國際公共職位上擔任董事，促進專業和研究社群之間的合作。Aida擁有NTNU的工程控制論碩士學位和挪威奧斯陸大學的計算機科學博士學位。

**Nadia Saad Noori** 是挪威基爾斯坦大學（University of Agder）資訊與通信技術系的副教授，並擔任綜合緊急管理中心（Centre of Integrated Emergency Management - University of Agder, CIEM-UiA）網絡韌性組織與社會研究小組的首席研究員。Noori博士是Marie Sklodowska-Curie的校友，擁有計算機與控制系統工程的背景。她在業界和學術界擁有超過20年的綜合經驗。她擁有計算機系統工程的學士和碩士學位，專注於電力能源領域的SCADA系統設計與開發。此外，她還擁有技術創新管理的碩士學位，專注於即時通信和協作的開源平台。2016年，她獲得電子與資訊系統工程的博士學位，專注於圖論和複雜網絡分析在理解複雜系統中的協調和資源分配的應用。她的研究興趣集中在新興技術（如機器學習和人工智慧、物聯網、雲計算）在解決與工業系統（如SCADA系統）相關的問題和挑戰中的應用，以及AI/ML方法在增強網絡物理基礎設施系統韌性方面的角色。