Sex and Gender: Toward Transforming Scientific Practice
暫譯: 性別與性別認同：邁向科學實踐的轉變

這本開放存取的書籍提供了一個跨學科的視角，探討性別與性別的研究，並建議未來在多個領域的研究方向。性別與性別在社會和科學中以不同的方式被理解、測量和應用。為了促進跨學科的對話，並推動在研究、政策、醫學和公共衛生中的知情應用，Ernst Strüngmann Forum召集了來自不同領域的學者，檢視一個廣泛持有的假設，即性別與性別在概念上是分開的。

本書綜合了從這一討論中產生的跨學科視角，探討了性別與性別的交織，並建議它們以尚未完全理解的方式共同構成。這種交織從多個角度進行檢視，探討了研究挑戰，並提出了推進基礎和發展系統生物學、人類生物醫學和臨床研究以及政策和實踐的前進方向。

本書應該對政策制定者以及在人類學、行為神經內分泌學、細胞和分子神經科學、臨床心理學、流行病學，以及女性主義、性別和跨性別研究等領域工作的研究人員感興趣。

L. Zachary DuBois earned his PhD in Anthropology from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 2012 and held postdoctoral research positions at Northwestern University and University of Massachusetts of Boston. Currently, he is an Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Oregon, where he also directs the Stress, Adaptation, and Resilience Lab and is a key member of the University of Oregon Biomarker cluster.
His research focuses on resilience, social determinants of health, embodied stigma and inequality, and in expanding and adding nuance to current conceptualizations of gender and sex. His research applies community-based, intersectional, mixed-methods approaches centering the lived experience and health of transgender and gender diverse people. His research has pioneered work furthering our understanding of experiences of stigma and gender minority stress and mapping these onto the body as embodied stressors through integration of minimally invasive biomarker measures. He is also actively involved in collaborative applied research addressing health inequities among transgender and nonbinary youth and LGBTQIA+ people more broadly.

Anelis Kaiser Trujillo holds a PhD in Psychology from the University of Basel (Switzerland) with additional postgraduate training in Gender Studies. After a postdoctoral fellowship from the Swiss National Science Foundation at the University of Bern, she was appointed to professorships at the TU Berlin and the University of Freiburg, where she served as Professor of Gender Studies in STEM from 2017 to 2023. After continuing her work at the Center Interdisciplinary Gender Studies, University of Innsbruck, she now combines work in clinical science with a Lecture position at the University of Basel.

Her research addresses sex/gender differences and similarities in neurocognitive processes, the development of alternative sex/gender models, and the creation of intersectional measurement tools for sex/gender in scientific research. She has also explored the neurobiological mechanisms underlying language in the brain. In 2010, she co-founded the international network NeuroGenderings with Isabelle Dussauge to promote interdisciplinary research on sex/gender in the brain sciences.

Margaret M. (Peg) McCarthy received a PhD from the Institute of Animal Behavior at Rutgers University, Newark NJ, completed postdoctoral training at Rockefeller University in New York NY, and was a National Research Council Fellow at NIH-NIAAA before joining the faculty of the University of Maryland School of Medicine in 1993 in Baltimore, Maryland. Rising steadily through the ranks, she was a Professor in the Department of Physiology before becoming the Chair of the Department of Pharmacology in 2011 in which capacity she served until 2024.

McCarthy has a long-standing interest in the cellular mechanisms establishing sex differences in the brain. She uses a combined behavioral and mechanistic approach in the laboratory rat to understand both normal brain development and how these processes might go selectively awry in males versus females. She has published over 200 peer-reviewed manuscripts and has been cited close to 30,000 times.

After stepping down as the Chair of the Department of Pharmacology, McCarthy became the inaugural Director of the University of Maryland-Medicine Institute for Neuroscience Discovery (UM-MIND). She is a Reviewing Editor for Journal of Neuroscience and a fellow with AAAS and ACNP, former President of the Organization for the Study of Sex Differences, and current President of the Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology. She was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2024.

L. Zachary DuBois 於2012年在麻薩諸塞州大學阿默斯特分校獲得人類學博士學位，並在西北大學和麻薩諸塞州大學波士頓分校擔任博士後研究職位。目前，他是俄勒岡大學人類學系的副教授，並且負責壓力、適應與韌性實驗室，還是俄勒岡大學生物標記群組的核心成員。
他的研究專注於韌性、健康的社會決定因素、具身污名與不平等，並擴展和增添當前對性別和性別的概念化的細緻度。他的研究採用以社區為基礎的交叉性混合方法，重點關注跨性別和性別多元者的生活經驗和健康。他的研究開創了進一步理解污名和性別少數壓力經驗的工作，並通過整合微創生物標記測量將這些映射到身體上作為具身壓力源。他還積極參與針對跨性別和非二元青少年及更廣泛的LGBTQIA+人群的健康不平等的合作應用研究。

Anelis Kaiser Trujillo 擁有瑞士巴塞爾大學的心理學博士學位，並在性別研究方面接受了額外的研究生培訓。在瑞士國家科學基金會於伯爾尼大學的博士後獎學金之後，她被任命為柏林工業大學和弗賴堡大學的教授，並於2017年至2023年擔任STEM性別研究教授。在奧地利因斯布魯克大學的跨學科性別研究中心繼續工作後，她現在將臨床科學的工作與巴塞爾大學的講師職位結合起來。

她的研究涉及神經認知過程中的性別差異和相似性、替代性別模型的發展，以及為科學研究創建交叉性測量工具。她還探討了大腦中語言的神經生物學機制。2010年，她與Isabelle Dussauge共同創立了國際網絡NeuroGenderings，以促進大腦科學中性別的跨學科研究。

Margaret M. (Peg) McCarthy 於新澤西州羅格斯大學動物行為研究所獲得博士學位，並在紐約的洛克菲勒大學完成博士後培訓，之後成為國立衛生研究院國家酒精濫用與酗酒研究所的國家研究委員會研究員，於1993年加入馬里蘭大學醫學院的教職。她在職位上穩步上升，曾擔任生理學系教授，並於2011年成為藥理學系主任，直到2024年。

McCarthy 對於建立大腦性別差異的細胞機制有著長期的興趣。她在實驗室大鼠中使用結合行為和機制的方法，以理解正常的大腦發展以及這些過程在男性和女性中可能出現的選擇性異常。她已發表超過200篇經過同行評審的手稿，並被引用近30,000次。

在卸任藥理學系主任後，McCarthy 成為馬里蘭大學醫學院神經科學發現研究所（UM-MIND）的首任主任。她是Journal of Neuroscience的審稿編輯，並且是美國科學促進會（AAAS）和美國神經精神藥理學會（ACNP）的會員，曾擔任性別差異研究組織的會長，並且是行為神經內分泌學會的現任會長。她於2024年當選為國家醫學院院士。