Radio Astronomy in Canada: Young Science in a Young Country
暫譯: 加拿大的射電天文學：年輕國家的年輕科學

這是關於加拿大在無線電天文學科學發展的引人入勝的故事。1946年，亞瑟·科文頓（Arthur Covington）獨自開始監測太陽的無線電輻射，這項計劃至今仍在持續。到了1960年代，加拿大已經在國家的兩端建造了兩個無線電觀測站（DRAO和ARO），並且越來越多的大學也參與其中。這個故事經歷了這些觀測站的艱難時期，並追隨它們的命運，一直到現在，加拿大在數十億美元的國際望遠鏡項目中扮演著關鍵角色。故事以加拿大自己變革性的望遠鏡CHIME的建造和運行作結。書中穿插的轶事和圖片使故事更加生動。

作者是兩位現職天文學家，他們費心整理了這個迷人的故事，借助於第一手的經驗、許多同事的寶貴貢獻，以及科學歷史學家理查德·賈瑞爾（Richard Jarrell，1942-2013）的研究。

這本書填補了無線電天文學歷史文獻中的一個空白。由三位專家仔細研究，並基於該領域其他專家的意見，記錄了加拿大科學家和工程師在科學和（特別是）技術創新方面的廣泛貢獻。其中包括重要的加拿大絕對通量密度標定、加拿大對低頻無線電天文學和超長基線干涉測量（VLBI）的關鍵貢獻，以及長期的太陽監測計劃。對於優秀的46米ARO望遠鏡及其命運的坦誠討論，引出了對加拿大在最近國際項目中的貢獻的考量——JCMT、ALMA以及即將到來的SKA。書的結尾描述了CHIME，加拿大自己新一代的無線電設施。

肯·凱勒曼（Ken Kellermann），美國夏洛茨維爾國家無線電天文台資深科學家榮譽退休。

Jasper Wall began his career in Radio Astronomy in Toronto with Alan Yen. This included building a 320-MHz receiver, and carrying out absolute background measurements using a pyramidal horn. Instead of Cambridge, he chose Australia to do research in both radio astronomy and optical. First working on a receiver for Parkes Radio Telescope at CSIRO Sydney, he joined John Bolton and began a sky survey at hitherto unprecedented high frequency of 2.7 GHz. Wall's survey discovered the extensive 'flat-spectrum' quasar population, the key to the relativistic beaming model of radio sources. His research at Parkes lasted 81/2 years. Statistical results strongly favoured a "Big Bang" universe rather than the "Steady State" preferred by John Bolton, Fred Hoyle and Tommy Gold. He was part of the team which in 1969 brought the Apollo 11 moon landing via the Parkes Radio Telescope to an estimated 650 million TV viewers world wide. He was also involved in Apollo 13 and 14. Optical astronomy research with the Stromlo 74-in telescope yielded many faint-source identifications with quasars and radio galaxies. In 1974-1978 he joined Martin Ryle's group at the MRAO Cambridge UK, continuing his research in active galaxy systems at both radio and optical wavelengths, plus submm and X-ray observations. He taught statistics to astronomy students at Cambridge, leading to his 2003 book with co-author Charles Jenkins, "Practical Statistics for Astronomers" (2^nd edition 2012). Joining the Royal Greenwich Observatory in 1979 as Head of Astrophysics and Astrometry Division, he continued research in optical and radio astronomy. In 1986 he became Director of the Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes on La Palma for four years, and then Director of the Royal Greenwich Observatory 1995-1998. He was Vice-President of the Royal Astronomical Society 1994-1996. He has observed on telescopes throughout the world, writing over 200 papers. Professorships followed at Oxford 1998-2002, then 2003 to the present at University of British Columbia, writing, working with students, teaching statistics, and continuing research in astronomy and cosmology.

Elizabeth Griffin has studied stellar astrophysics throughout her career, first pursuing abundance analyses of bright stars with very high resolution spectra, and coauthored the Procyon Atlas (in both analogue and digital formats) in 1979. Since 1980 her research has centered on analyzing a special sub-group of binary stars that exhibit composite spectra, observing with major North American and European telescopes 2 to record their spectra and also developing techniques and software to determine the masses of the stars involved. Able to apply her methodology to the rare subgroup of eclipsing systems, she has assembled a rich archive of digital spectra acquired with the powerful coud´e spectrograph of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Canada (near to where she settled in 2002), uncovering oddities that were not previously known; part of that research featured in a book, Giants of Eclipse (Springer; 2015) which she co-authored, basing it upon an AAS conference that she had organized. With interests that have over time burgeoned from photographic data to digital data and to problems shared with data analysts in other sciences, she has developed a strong curiosity for parallel activities in her science, chiefly in the preservation and reuse of historical (principally analogue) data for modern research purposes. She was a core organizer and Proceedings editor of two IAU symposia that focussed on the astronomy's Time Domain and included the whole gamut of variability cadences from seconds to centuries. She enjoys editing papers and Proceedings both on astronomy and on more general topics. Membership of related professional bodies includes the IAU, the AAS (representing heritage data through Working Groups in both organizations), and chairing the CASCA Heritage Committee.

Richard Jarrell (1946-2013) discovered and fostered a love of nature, and of astronomy, from an early age. Born in the US, he obtained a major in History at Indiana University, with minors in astronomy and in History and Philosophy of Science, before moving to Canada and earning a PhD at the University of Toronto's Institute for History and Philosophy of Science and Technology. He became a lecturer in the Department of Natural Sciences at nearby York University, where he was able to combine his deep interests in both astronomy and the history of science by developing courses that reflected his passion for astronomy, the breadth of his thinking, and his ability to view the wider picture. He remained at York, where he rose through the ranks to a full Professorship. His first major work--a book--published in 1988 (The Cold Light of Dawn) recounted comprehensively the history of astronomy in Canada as conducted at visual wavelengths. Richard's significant strength was as an 'institution builder'--the source of the energy that drove the vital first steps of a new entity until it was self-supporting. A founding member of the Canadian Science and Technology Historical Association, he earned renown as a champion of Canada's scientific heritage, though his influence extended further inasmuch as he saw the whole of creation as a unique ecosystem.

**賈斯珀·沃爾（Jasper Wall）**在多倫多與艾倫·顏（Alan Yen）開始了他的無線電天文學職業生涯。這包括建造一個320 MHz的接收器，並使用金字塔喇叭進行絕對背景測量。他選擇在澳大利亞進行無線電天文學和光學的研究，而不是劍橋。最初在CSIRO悉尼的帕克斯無線電望遠鏡工作，他加入了約翰·博爾頓（John Bolton），並開始進行前所未有的2.7 GHz高頻天空調查。沃爾的調查發現了廣泛的「平坦光譜」類星體族群，這是無線電源相對論性束流模型的關鍵。他在帕克斯的研究持續了8年半。統計結果強烈支持「大爆炸」宇宙，而非約翰·博爾頓、弗雷德·霍伊爾（Fred Hoyle）和湯米·戈德（Tommy Gold）所偏好的「穩態」宇宙。他是1969年通過帕克斯無線電望遠鏡將阿波羅11號登月帶給全球約6.5億電視觀眾的團隊成員之一。他還參與了阿波羅13號和14號的任務。與斯特羅姆洛74英寸望遠鏡的光學天文學研究使他獲得了許多與類星體和無線電星系的微弱源識別。1974年至1978年，他加入了英國劍橋的馬丁·賴爾（Martin Ryle）小組，繼續在無線電和光學波長下研究活躍星系系統，以及亞毫米和X射線觀測。他在劍橋教授天文學學生統計學，這導致他與合著者查爾斯·詹金斯（Charles Jenkins）於2003年出版的書籍《天文學家的實用統計學》（第二版2012年）。1979年，他加入皇家格林威治天文台，擔任天體物理學和天文測量部門的負責人，繼續在光學和無線電天文學方面的研究。1986年，他成為拉帕爾馬的艾薩克·牛頓望遠鏡組的主任，任期四年，然後在1995年至1998年擔任皇家格林威治天文台的主任。他在1994年至1996年擔任皇家天文學會的副會長。他在全球各地的望遠鏡上進行觀測，撰寫了超過200篇論文。隨後在1998年至2002年擔任牛津大學教授，然後從2003年至今在不列顛哥倫比亞大學任教，撰寫、指導學生、教授統計學，並繼續在天文學和宇宙學方面的研究。

**伊莉莎白·格里芬（Elizabeth Griffin）**在她的職業生涯中一直研究恆星天體物理學，最初進行非常高解析度光譜的明亮恆星豐度分析，並於1979年共同編寫了《普羅西翁圖集》（Procyon Atlas，包含類比和數位格式）。自1980年以來，她的研究重點集中在分析一個特殊的雙星亞群，這些雙星顯示出複合光譜，並使用北美和歐洲的主要望遠鏡觀測以記錄它們的光譜，同時開發技術和軟體來確定相關恆星的質量。她能夠將她的方法應用於稀有的食雙星系統，並利用加拿大多明尼翁天文觀測台的強大庫德光譜儀（coudé spectrograph）收集了豐富的數位光譜檔案，揭示了先前未知的奇特現象；這部分研究在她共同編寫的書籍《日食巨人》（Giants of Eclipse，Springer；2015）中有所介紹，該書基於她組織的一次美國天文學會（AAS）會議。隨著時間的推移，她的興趣從攝影數據擴展到數位數據，並與其他科學中的數據分析師共享問題，她對科學中的平行活動產生了強烈的好奇心，主要集中在歷史（主要是類比）數據的保存和重用，以用於現代研究。她是兩個專注於天文學時間領域的國際天文聯合會（IAU）研討會的核心組織者和會議論文編輯，涵蓋了從幾秒到幾個世紀的各種變異節奏。她喜歡編輯有關天文學和更一般主題的論文和會議論文。相關專業機構的會員包括IAU、AAS（通過兩個組織的工作小組代表遺產數據），並擔任CASCA遺產委員會的主席。

**理查德·賈瑞爾（Richard Jarrell）**（1946-2013）從小就發現並培養了對自然和天文學的熱愛。他出生於美國，在印第安納大學獲得歷史學學位，並輔修天文學和科學史與哲學，然後移居加拿大，在多倫多大學的科學與技術史與哲學研究所獲得博士學位。他成為附近約克大學自然科學系的講師，能夠通過開發反映他對天文學的熱情、思維的廣度和看待更大圖景的能力的課程，結合他對天文學和科學史的深厚興趣。他在約克大學任教，並逐步晉升為正教授。他的第一部重要著作——一本書——於1988年出版（《黎明的冷光》），全面敘述了在可見波長下進行的加拿大天文學歷史。理查德的顯著優勢在於作為「機構建設者」——推動新實體的關鍵第一步，直到其自給自足。他是加拿大科學與技術歷史協會的創始成員，以捍衛加拿大科學遺產而聞名，儘管他的影響力更廣，因為他將整個創造視為一個獨特的生態系統。