Young People's Experiences with Online and Offline Crime: First Findings from the Isrd4 Study on Victimization and Offending Across the World
暫譯: 年輕人在線上與線下犯罪的經歷：來自全球受害與犯罪的Isrd4研究初步發現

本書呈現了第四屆國際自我報告犯罪研究（ISRD4）的首次重大研究結果，這是一個持續進行的多國項目，旨在檢視年輕人在受害和犯罪方面的經歷。涵蓋21個國家，本書報告了58,000名年齡介於13至17歲的年輕人的回應，探討他們作為受害者、犯罪者和受害者-犯罪者的經歷。本書提供了跨國犯罪模式的深入分析、受害者與犯罪者的重疊、線上與線下領域的重疊，以及嚴重和重複受害者及犯罪者的經歷。最後，書中對理論及政策的影響進行了引人深思的討論。

本研究的主要收穫包括：
- 文化差異顯著影響披露犯罪行為的意願。
- 線上受害問題日益受到關注，尤其是在女孩和年輕青少年中。
- 所有國家均存在線上與線下犯罪形式之間的重疊，以及受害與犯罪之間的重疊。
- 仇恨犯罪和父母暴力的發生率比通常認為的更為普遍。

本書由一個國際團隊撰寫，對於犯罪學、刑事司法、社會學、公共政策、青年研究和心理學的研究者來說，具有重要的參考價值。

Ineke Haen Marshall is Professor of Sociology, Criminology, and Criminal Justice at Northeastern University in Boston, USA. She has published on comparative criminology, drug policy, criminal careers, minorities and crime, and cross-national methodology. She has been involved in the ISRD project from its inception. She is the founding editor-in-chief of International Criminology, the official publication of the Division of International Criminology of the American Society of Criminology.

Karin Arbach is a Researcher at the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and a Professor of Criminal Psychology at the National University of Córdoba, Argentina. She has held academic positions at the University of Barcelona and Pompeu Fabra University in Spain. Dr. Arbach's primary research focuses on the assessment and management of violence risk within clinical, forensic, and correctional populations. She serves as a consultant on these topics for both private and public organizations across Latin America. Additionally, she has led several research projects on juvenile violence, sexual abuse, and intimate partner violence, with the goal of empirically testing contemporary explanatory models. Since 2019, Dr. Arbach has coordinated the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD4) in Argentina and was recently appointed to the Steering Committee.

Chris Birkbeck is Professor of Criminology at the University of Salford, United Kingdom, and Emeritus Professor of Criminology at the Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela. He has also held visiting posts at the University of New Mexico and the University of Florida in the United States. His research has ranged over a variety of topics: the situational analysis of crime, community policing, police use of force, imprisonment and community sanctions, restorative justice, youth offending and victimization, moral stances towards crime, and comparative criminology. He has published in both Spanish and English and is a reviewer for numerous journals in both languages. He is currently a member of the Steering Committee of the ISRD project.

Dirk Enzmann is an Honorary Professor affiliated with the University of Hamburg, Faculty of Business, Economics, and Social Sciences. He teaches criminology, statistics, and methods of criminological research. From 1998-2003, he was a Research Scientist at the Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hannover. His main research interests include juvenile development and delinquency, social change and crime, and survey methodology. Dirk Enzmann received his Ph.D. in psychology from the Free University of Berlin in 1995, and he is the author of many national and international publications.

Neal Hazel is Chair of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Salford, United Kingdom. He has delivered more than 40 funded research projects, mainly in juvenile justice and family support, including several national surveys and evaluations. He specialises in providing useful policy and practice messages, most recently through his Beyond Youth Custody research. In 2018, Neal was appointed by the Secretary of State for Justice to the Youth Justice Board, which is responsible for overseeing the youth justice system across England and Wales. He led the Board's development of 'Child First' as the sector's guiding principle, evidence-informed guidance for all professionals, and the 'Constructive Resettlement' model for improving custodial outcomes. He is also former HM Deputy Chief Inspector of Probation for England and Wales, where he designed the robust method for holding newly privatised probation services to account. Neal is a trustee of the National Children's Bureau

Janne Kivivuori is Professor of Criminology, Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Finland. His research has focused on youth crime, homicide, and historical criminology. His book Discovery of Hidden Crime (2011) described how self-report crime surveys were initially invented, and how they impacted the history of criminology and criminal justice policy. Professor Kivivuori has contributed to all sweeps of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study since 1991, first nationally in Finland, then as the Nordic rapporteur, and finally joining the ISRD Steering Committee in 2010. In homicide research, he has been active in the development of the European Homicide Monitor. His recent book Nordic Homicide in Deep Time (2022) expanded standardized homicide research to historical periods.

Anna Markina is a researcher at the School of Law at the University of Tartu. Her research is focused on youth delinquency, the juvenile justice system, victims of crime, and trafficking in human beings. She has conducted quantitative and qualitative research with young juvenile offenders on probation and parole in prisons and reformatories addressing the rights of the child, the effectiveness of interventions and young people's response to them. She is currently the Chair of the Steering committee member of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD).

Zuzana Podaná is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Czech Republic. Her main research focus is on criminology, particularly on topics related to youth delinquency, victimization, and domestic violence. She has participated in the ISRD since its second sweep and helped to organize three sweeps of the study in the Czech Republic. Since 2024, she has contributed to the ISRD project as a member of its Steering Committee.

Ineke Haen Marshall 是美國波士頓東北大學的社會學、犯罪學及刑事司法教授。她在比較犯罪學、毒品政策、犯罪生涯、少數族裔與犯罪以及跨國方法論方面發表了多篇著作。她自該計畫開始以來一直參與 ISRD 項目。她是《國際犯罪學》的創始主編，該期刊是美國犯罪學會國際犯罪學部的官方出版物。 Karin Arbach 是阿根廷科爾多瓦國立大學的犯罪心理學教授及國家科學技術研究委員會（CONICET）的研究員。她曾在西班牙的巴塞隆納大學和龐培法布拉大學擔任學術職位。Arbach 博士的主要研究集中在臨床、法醫和矯正人群中的暴力風險評估與管理。她為拉丁美洲的私營和公共組織提供這些主題的顧問服務。此外，她還主導了幾個關於青少年暴力、性虐待和親密伴侶暴力的研究項目，旨在實證測試當代解釋模型。自 2019 年以來，Arbach 博士在阿根廷協調國際自我報告青少年犯罪研究（ISRD4），並最近被任命為指導委員會成員。 Chris Birkbeck 是英國薩爾福德大學的犯罪學教授，並且是委內瑞拉安第斯大學的名譽犯罪學教授。他還曾在美國新墨西哥大學和佛羅里達大學擔任訪問職位。他的研究涵蓋多個主題：犯罪的情境分析、社區警務、警察使用武力、監禁與社區制裁、恢復性司法、青少年犯罪與受害、對犯罪的道德立場以及比較犯罪學。他以西班牙語和英語發表過多篇文章，並且是多本雙語期刊的審稿人。目前，他是 ISRD 項目的指導委員會成員。 Dirk Enzmann 是德國漢堡大學商學、經濟學與社會科學系的名譽教授。他教授犯罪學、統計學和犯罪學研究方法。1998年至2003年，他在下薩克森州犯罪學研究所擔任研究科學家。他的主要研究興趣包括青少年發展與犯罪、社會變遷與犯罪以及調查方法學。Dirk Enzmann 於 1995 年在柏林自由大學獲得心理學博士學位，並且是多部國內外出版物的作者。 Neal Hazel 是英國薩爾福德大學的犯罪學與刑事司法系主任。他主持了超過 40 個資助的研究項目，主要集中在青少年司法和家庭支持，包括幾項全國性調查和評估。他專注於提供有用的政策和實踐建議，最近通過他的《超越青少年拘留》研究進行了這方面的工作。2018 年，Neal 被司法部長任命為 青少年司法委員會 成員，該委員會負責監督英格蘭和威爾士的青少年司法系統。他主導了該委員會制定「以兒童為先」的指導原則，為所有專業人士提供基於證據的指導，以及「建設性重返社會」模型以改善拘留結果。他還曾擔任英格蘭和威爾士的 HM 副首席檢查官，負責設計強有力的方法以追究新私有化的緩刑服務的責任。Neal 是全國兒童局的受託人。 Janne Kivivuori 是芬蘭赫爾辛基大學犯罪學與法律政策研究所的犯罪學教授。他的研究集中在青少年犯罪、謀殺和歷史犯罪學。他的著作《隱藏犯罪的發現》（2011）描述了自我報告犯罪調查的最初發明過程，以及它們如何影響犯罪學和刑事司法政策的歷史。Kivivuori 教授自 1991 年以來參與了所有輪次的國際自我報告青少年犯罪研究，最初在芬蘭進行，然後作為北歐報告員，最終於 2010 年加入 ISRD 指導委員會。在謀殺研究方面，他積極參與了歐洲謀殺監測的發展。他最近的著作《深時代的北歐謀殺》（2022）將標準化的謀殺研究擴展到歷史時期。 Anna Markina 是塔爾圖大學法學院的研究員。她的研究集中在青少年犯罪、青少年司法系統、犯罪受害者和人口販運。她對在監獄和感化院的青少年罪犯進行了定量和定性研究，探討兒童權利、干預措施的有效性以及年輕人對這些措施的反應。她目前是國際自我報告青少年犯罪研究（ISRD）指導委員會的主席。 Zuzana Podaná 是捷克共和國查爾斯大學藝術學院社會學系的助理教授。她的主要研究重點是犯罪學，特別是與青少年犯罪、受害和家庭暴力相關的主題。自第二輪以來，她參與了 ISRD，並幫助在捷克共和國組織了三輪研究。自 2024 年以來，她作為 ISRD 項目指導委員會的成員貢獻於該項目。