New Directions in Question Answering (Paperback)

Mark T. Maybury

  • 出版商: MIT
  • 出版日期: 2004-11-19
  • 售價: $1,200
  • 語言: 英文
  • 頁數: 320
  • 裝訂: Paperback
  • ISBN: 0262633043
  • ISBN-13: 9780262633048
  • 相關分類: 人工智慧Text-mining
  • 立即出貨 (庫存 < 4)

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商品描述

Description:

Question answering systems, which provide natural language responses to natural language queries, are the subject of rapidly advancing research encompassing both academic study and commercial applications, the most well-known of which is the search engine Ask Jeeves. Question answering draws on different fields and technologies, including natural language processing, information retrieval, explanation generation, and human computer interaction. Question answering creates an important new method of information access and can be seen as the natural step beyond such standard Web search methods as keyword query and document retrieval. This collection charts significant new directions in the field, including temporal, spatial, definitional, biographical, multimedia, and multilingual question answering.

After an introduction that defines essential terminology and provides a roadmap to future trends, the book covers key areas of research and development. These include current methods, architecture requirements, and the history of question answering on the Web; the development of systems to address new types of questions; interactivity, which is often required for clarification of questions or answers; reuse of answers; advanced methods; and knowledge representation and reasoning used to support question answering. Each section contains an introduction that summarizes the chapters included and places them in context, relating them to the other chapters in the book as well as to the existing literature in the field and assessing the problems and challenges that remain.

Mark T. Maybury is Executive Director of the Information Technology Division at the MITRE Corporation in Bedford, Massachusetts. He is the editor of Intelligent Multimedia Interfaces (AAAI/MIT Press 1993) and Intelligent Multimedia Information Retrieval (AAAI/ MIT Press 1997) and coeditor of Readings on Intelligent User Interfaces, Advances in Text Summarization (MIT Press 1999), and Advances in Knowledge Management (MIT Press 2001).

 

Table of Contents:

Preface
Mark Maybury
ix
1 Question Answering: An Introduction
Mark Maybury
3
Section One: Foundations and History
Section Introduction 15
2 Software Architectures for Advanced QA
Eric Nyberg, John Burger, Scott Mardis and David Ferrucci
19
3 Bringing Commercial Question Answering to the Web
Brian Ulicny
31
Section Two: Definitional, Biographical, and Terminology QA
Section Introduction 41
4 Answering Definitional Questions: A Hybrid Approach
Sasha Blair-Goldensohn, Kathleen R. McKeown and Andrew Hazen Schlaikjer
47
5 A Hybrid Approach to Answering Biographical Questions
Ralph Weischedel, Jinxi Xu and Ana Licuanan
59
6 Question Answering in Terminology-Rich Technical Domains
Fabio Rinaldi, Michael Hess, James Dowdall, Diego Mollá and Rolf Schwitter
71
Section Three: Multiperspective, Temporal, and Multimedia QA
Section Introduction 83
7 Low-Level Annotations and Summary Representations of Opinions for Multiperspective QA
Claire Cardie, Janyce M. Wiebe, Theresa Wilson and Diane J. Litman
87
8 Representing Temporal and Event Knowledge for QA Systems
James Pustejovsky, Roser Saurí, José Castaño, Dragomir R. Radev, Robert Gaizauskas, Andrea Setzer, Beth Sunheim and Graham Katz
99
9 Answering Questions About Moving Objects in Videos
Boris Katz, Jimmy Lin, Chris Stauffer and Eric Grimson
113
Section Four: Interactive and Scenario-Based QA
Section Introduction 125
10 A Data Driven Approach to Interactive QA
Sharon Small, Tomek Strzalkowski, Ting Liu, Nobuyuki Shimizu and Boris Yamrom
129
11 Finding Answers to Complex Questions
Anne R. Diekema, Ozgur Yilmazel, Jiangping Chen, Sarah Harwell, Lan He and Elizabeth D. Liddy
141
12 Experiences from Combining Dialogue System Development with Information Extraction Techniques
Arne Jönsson, Frida Andén, Lars Degerstedt, Annika Flycht-Eriksson, Magnus Merkel and Sara Norberg
153
Section Five: Reuse
Section Introduction 165
13 Reuse in Question Answering: A Preliminary Study
Marc Light, Abraham Ittycheriah, Andrew Latto and Nancy McCracken
169
14 Retrieval Models and Q and A Learning with FAQ Files
Noriko Tomuro and Steven L. Lytinen
183
Section Six: Advanced Methods for Question Processing and Answering
Section Introduction 195
15 Holistic Query Expansion Using Graphical Models
Daniel Mahler
203
16 Viewing the Web as a Virtual Database for Question Answering
Boris Katz, Sue Felshin, Jimmy Lin and Gregory Marton
215
17 Toward Answer-Focused Summarization Using Search Engines
Harris Wu, Dragomir R. Radev and Weiguo Fan
227
18 A Multi-Agent Approach to Using Redundancy and Reinforcement in Question Answering
John Prager, Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Krzysztof Czuba
237
Section Seven: Knowledge and Inference-Enabled Question Answering
Section Introduction 249
19 Deductive Question Answering from Multiple Resources
Richard Waldinger, Douglas Appelt, Jennifer L. Dungan, John Fry, Jerry Hobbs, David J. Israel, Peter Jarvis, David Martin, Susanne Riehemann, Mark E. Stickel and Mabry Tyson
253
20 Advanced Relaxation for Cooperative Question Answering
Farah Benamara and Patrick Saint Dizier
263
21 Trusting Answers from Web Applications
Deborah L. McGuinness and Paulo Pinheiro da Silva
275
Glossary of Acronyms 287
Bibliography 293
Index 317

商品描述(中文翻譯)

描述:
問答系統是提供自然語言回答的自然語言查詢的研究領域,這是一個快速發展的研究領域,包括學術研究和商業應用,其中最著名的是搜索引擎Ask Jeeves。問答系統涉及不同的領域和技術,包括自然語言處理、信息檢索、解釋生成和人機交互。問答系統創造了一種重要的信息訪問方法,可以看作是關鍵字查詢和文檔檢索等標準網絡搜索方法的自然發展。本書介紹了該領域的重要新方向,包括時間、空間、定義、傳記、多媒體和多語言問答。

在定義基本術語並提供未來趨勢路線圖的介紹之後,本書涵蓋了研究和開發的關鍵領域。這些包括當前方法、架構要求和網絡問答的歷史;開發系統以應對新類型的問題;互動性,通常需要澄清問題或答案;答案的重複使用;高級方法;以及用於支持問答的知識表示和推理。每個部分都包含一個簡介,概述了所包含的章節並將其放入上下文中,將其與本書中的其他章節以及該領域的現有文獻相關聯,並評估尚未解決的問題和挑戰。

Mark T. Maybury是麻省貝德福德的MITRE公司信息技術部執行董事。他是《智能多媒體界面》(AAAI/MIT Press 1993)和《智能多媒體信息檢索》(AAAI/MIT Press 1997)的編輯,並且是《智能用戶界面讀物》、《文本摘要化的進展》(MIT Press 1999)和《知識管理的進展》(MIT Press 2001)的合編者。

目錄:
前言
Mark Maybury

第一章:問答系統介紹
Mark Maybury

第一部分:基礎和歷史

第二部分:問答系統的架構要求

第三部分:新類型問題的系統開發

第四部分:互動性

第五部分:答案的重複使用

第六部分:高級方法

第七部分:知識表示和推理

每個部分都包含一個簡介,概述了所包含的章節並將其放入上下文中,將其與本書中的其他章節以及該領域的現有文獻相關聯,並評估尚未解決的問題和挑戰。