Counter Hack Reloaded: A Step-by-Step Guide to Computer Attacks and Effective Defenses, 2/e

Description

For years, Counter Hack has been the primary resource for every network/system administrator and security professional who needs a deep, hands-on understanding of hacker attacks and countermeasures. Now, leading network security experts Ed Skoudis and Tom Liston have thoroughly updated this best-selling guide, showing how to defeat today's newest, most sophisticated, and most destructive attacks.

 

 

Table of Contents

Foreword xxi

Preface Reloaded xxiii

About the Authors xxxi

Chapter 1: Introduction 1

The Computer World and the Golden Age of Hacking 2

Why This Book? 4

The Threat: Never Underestimate Your Adversary 7

A Note on Terminology and Iconography 12

Caveat: These Tools Could Hurt You 15

Organization of Rest of the Book 19

Summary 23

Chapter 2: Networking Overview: Pretty Much Everything You Need to Know About Networking to Follow the Rest of This Book 25

The OSI Reference Model and Protocol Layering 26

How Does TCP/IP Fit In? 28

Understanding TCP/IP 32

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 33

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 41

Internet Protocol (IP) and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 44

ICMP 51

Other Network-Level Issues 53

Don’t Forget About the Data Link and Physical Layers! 66

Security Solutions for the Internet 75

Conclusion 86

Summary 87

Chapter 3: Linux and UNIX Overview: Pretty Much Everything You Need to Know About Linux and UNIX to Follow the Rest of This Book 91

Introduction 91

Architecture 95

Accounts and Groups 107

Linux and UNIX Permissions 110

Linux and UNIX Trust Relationships 115

Common Linux and UNIX Network Services 119

Conclusion 124

Summary 124

Chapter 4: Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 Overview: Pretty Much Everything You Need to Know About Windows to Follow the Rest of This Book 127

Introduction 127

A Brief History of Time 128

The Underlying Windows Operating System Architecture 133

How Windows Password Representations Are Derived 137

Kernel Mode 139

From Service Packs and Hotfixes to Windows Update and Beyond 141

Accounts and Groups 142

Privilege Control 147

Policies 149

Trust 152

Auditing 154

Object Access Control and Permissions 156

Network Security 160

Windows 2000 and Beyond: Welcome to the New Millennium 162

Conclusion 177

Summary 177

Chapter 5: Phase 1: Reconnaissance 183

Low-Technology Reconnaissance: Social Engineering, Caller ID Spoofing, Physical Break-In, and Dumpster Diving 184

Search the Fine Web (STFW) 195

Whois Databases: Treasure Chests of Information 212

The Domain Name System 220

General-Purpose Reconnaissance Tools 230

Conclusion 235

Summary 235

Chapter 6: Phase 2: Scanning 239

War Driving: Finding Wireless Access Points 240

War Dialing: Looking for Modems in All the Right Places 252

Network Mapping 261

Determining Open Ports Using Port Scanners 268

Vulnerability-Scanning Tools 307

Intrusion Detection System and Intrusion Prevention System Evasion 319

Conclusion 335

Summary 335

Chapter 7: Phase 3: Gaining Access Using Application and Operating System Attacks 339

Script Kiddie Exploit Trolling 339

Pragmatism for More Sophisticated Attackers 340

Buffer Overflow Exploits 342

Password Attacks 377

Web Application Attacks 406

Exploiting Browser Flaws 431

Conclusion 435

Summary 435

Chapter 8: Phase 3: Gaining Access Using Network Attacks 439

Sniffing 439

IP Address Spoofing 470

Session Hijacking 482

Netcat: A General-Purpose Network Tool 491

Conclusion 510

Summary 510

Chapter 9: Phase 3: Denial-of-Service Attacks 513

Locally Stopping Services 515

Locally Exhausting Resources 517

Remotely Stopping Services 518

Remotely Exhausting Resources 523

Conclusion 543

Summary 544

Chapter 10: Phase 4: Maintaining Access: Trojans, Backdoors, and Rootkits ... Oh My! 547

Trojan Horses 547

Backdoors 548

The Devious Duo: Backdoors Melded into Trojan Horses 553

Nasty: Application-Level Trojan Horse Backdoor Tools 555

Also Nasty: The Rise of the Bots 568

Additional Nastiness: Spyware Everywhere! 578

Defenses Against Application-Level Trojan Horse Backdoors, Bots, and Spyware 581

Even Nastier: User-Mode Rootkits 587

Defending Against User-Mode Rootkits 604

Nastiest: Kernel-Mode Rootkits 608

Defending Against Kernel-Mode Rootkits 616

Conclusion 623

Summary 623

Chapter 11: Phase 5: Covering Tracks and Hiding 627

Hiding Evidence by Altering Event Logs 628

Defenses Against Log and Accounting File Attacks 637

Creating Difficult-to-Find Files and Directories 641

Hiding Evidence on the Network: Covert Channels 647

Defenses Against Covert Channels 665

Conclusion 668

Summary 668

Chapter 12: Putting It All Together: Anatomy of an Attack 671

Scenario 1: Crouching Wi-Fi, Hidden Dragon 673

Scenario 2: Death of a Telecommuter 685

Scenario 3: The Manchurian Contractor 696

Conclusion 708

Summary 709

Chapter 13: The Future, References, and Conclusions 711

Where Are We Heading? 711

Keeping Up to Speed 715

Final Thoughts ... Live Long and Prosper 721

Summary 722

Index 723