Mechanical Bodies, Computational Minds: Artificial Intelligence from Automata to Cyborgs

Description:

Believing that the enterprise of constructing "artificial intelligence" transcends the bounds of any one discipline, the editors of Mechanical Bodies, Computational Minds have brought together researchers in AI and scholars in the humanities to reexamine the fundamental assumptions of both areas. The AI community, for example, could benefit from explorations of human intelligence and creativity by philosophers, psychologists, anthropologists, literary critics, and others, while analysis of AI's theoretical struggles and technical advances could yield insights into such traditional humanist concerns as the nature of rationality and the mind-body dichotomy.

The contributions include a continuation of the famous Hubert Dreyfus-Daniel Dennett debate over Kasparov's defeat by IBM's Deep Blue; Philip Agre's tracing of difficulties in AI research to the inherited tensions of Cartesian dualism; Evelyn Fox Keller's examination of the development of computer technology in relation to biology; Douglas Hofstadter's argument that thinking is more than the theorem-solving activities of AI; and Alison Adam's discussion of the implicitly male universal subject used in AI.

Stefano Franchi is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Auckland.

Güven Güzeldere is Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Assistant Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Duke University. He is coeditor (with Ned Block and Owen Flanagan) of The Nature of Consciousness: Philosophical and Scientific Debates (MIT Press, 1998) and a founding associate editor of Psyche: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Consciousness.

 

Table of Contents:

Acknowledgments	vii
	Introduction	1
I	Introducing Artificial Intelligence: Past, Present, and Future
	Machinations of the Mind: Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence from Automata to Cyborgs Stefano Franchi and Güven Güzeldere	15
II	In the Shadow of Artificial Intelligence: Automata, Cybernetics, and AI
	The Soul Gained and Lost: Artificial Intelligence as a Philosophical Project Philip E. Agre	153
	The Man-Machine and Artificial Intelligence Bruce Mazlish	175
	Marrying the Premodern to the Postmodern: Computers and Organisms after World War II Evelyn Fox Keller	203
	A Gallery of Monsters: Cybernetics and Self-Organization, 1940-1970 Andrew Pickering	229
III	Controversies of Artificial Intelligence: Critics and Defenders
	On Seeing A's and Seeing As Douglas R. Hofstadter	249
	Did Deep Blue's Win over Kasparov Prove That Artificial Intelligence Has Succeeded? A Debate Hubert L. Dreyfus and Daniel C. Dennett	265
	Machines and the Mental Fred Dretske	281
IV	The Light Side of Artificial Intelligence
	Dialogues with Colorful "Personalities" of Early AI Güven Güzeldere and Stefano Franchi	295
V	Artificial Intelligence Meets the Humanities: Epistemological Challenges
	The Hume Machine: Can Association Networks Do More Than Formal Rules? Bruno Latour and Geneviève Teil	307
	Knowing Subjects: AI from Feminist Philosophy Alison Adam	327
	Humans, Machines, and the Structure of Knowledge Harry M. Collins	345
	Swamped by the Updates: Expert Systems, Semioclasm, and Apeironic Education Michael L. Johnson	365
VI	Broader Conceptions of Artificial Intelligence
	Artificial Intelligence Research as Art Stephen Wilson	391
	Why AI Is Not a Science Maurizio Matteuzzi	409
	Dance Floor Blues: The Case for a Social AI Tom Burke	423
	The Epistemological and Philosophical Situation of Mind Technoscience Alain-Marc Rieu	453
	Phenomenology and Cognitive Science Serge Sharoff	471
	Artificial Intelligence and Theology: From Mythos to Logos and Back Anne Foerst	489
	Contributors	515
	Index	519