Introduction to Computer Security

Description:

In this authoritative book, widely respected practitioner and teacher Matt Bishop presents a clear and useful introduction to the art and science of information security. Bishop's insights and realistic examples will help any practitioner or student understand the crucial links between security theory and the day-to-day security challenges of IT environments.

Bishop explains the fundamentals of security: the different types of widely used policies, the mechanisms that implement these policies, the principles underlying both policies and mechanisms, and how attackers can subvert these tools--as well as how to defend against attackers. A practicum demonstrates how to apply these ideas and mechanisms to a realistic company.

Coverage includes

• Confidentiality, integrity, and availability
• Operational issues, cost-benefit and risk analyses, legal and human factors
• Planning and implementing effective access control
• Defining security, confidentiality, and integrity policies
• Using cryptography and public-key systems, and recognizing their limits
• Understanding and using authentication: from passwords to biometrics
• Security design principles: least-privilege, fail-safe defaults, open design, economy of mechanism, and more
• Controlling information flow through systems and networks
• Assuring security throughout the system lifecycle
• Malicious logic: Trojan horses, viruses, boot sector and executable infectors, rabbits, bacteria, logic bombs--and defenses against them
• Vulnerability analysis, penetration studies, auditing, and intrusion detection and prevention
• Applying security principles to networks, systems, users, and programs

Introduction to Computer Security is adapted from Bishop's comprehensive and widely praised book, Computer Security: Art and Science. This shorter version of the original work omits much mathematical formalism, making it more accessible for professionals and students who have a less formal mathematical background, or for readers with a more practical than theoretical interest.

 

Table of Contents:

1. An Overview of Computer Security.

    The Basic Components.

    Threats.

    Policy and Mechanism.

    Assumptions and Trust.

    Assurance.

    Operational Issues.

    Human Issues.

    Tying It All Together.

    Summary.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

2. Access Control Matrix.

    Protection State.

    Access Control Matrix Model.

    Protection State Transitions.

    Summary.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

3. Foundational Results.

    The General Question.

    Basic Results.

    Summary.

    Exercises.

4. Security Policies.

    Security Policies.

    Types of Security Policies.

    The Role of Trust.

    Types of Access Control.

    Example: Academic Computer Security Policy.

    Summary.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

5. Confidentiality Policie.

    Goals of Confidentiality Policies.

    The Bell-LaPadula Model.

    Summary.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

6. Integrity Policies.

    Goals.

    Biba Integrity Model.

    Clark-Wilson Integrity Model.

    Summary.

    Exercises.

7. Hybrid Policies.

    Chinese Wall Model.

    Clinical Information Systems Security Policy.

    Originator Controlled Access Control.

    Role-Based Access Control.

    Summary.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

8. Basic Cryptography

    What Is Cryptography?

    Classical Cryptosystems.

    Public Key Cryptography.

    Cryptographic Checksums.

    Summary.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

9. Key Management.

    Session and Interchange Keys.

    Key Exchange.

    Cryptographic Key Infrastructures.

    Storing and Revoking Keys.

    Digital Signatures.

    Summary.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

10. Cipher Techniques.

    Problems.

    Stream and Block Ciphers.

    Networks and Cryptography.

    Example Protocols

    Summary.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

11. Authentication.

    Authentication Basics.

    Passwords.

    Challenge-Response.

    Biometrics.

    Multiple Methods.

    Summary.

    Exercises.

12. Design Principles.

    Overview.

    Design Principles.

    Summary.

    Exercises.

13. Representing Identity.

    What Is Identity?

    Files and Objects.

    Users.

    Groups and Roles.

    Naming and Certificates.

    Identity on the Web.

    Summary.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

14. Access Control Mechanisms.

    Access Control Lists.

    Capabilities.

    Locks and Keys.

    Ring-Based Access Control.

    Propagated Access Control Lists.

    Summary.

    Exercises.

15. Information Flow.

    Basics and Background.

    Compiler-Based Mechanisms.

    Execution-Based Mechanisms.

    Example Information Flow Controls.

    Summary.

    Exercises.

16. Confinement Problem.

    The Confinement Problem.

    Isolation.

    Covert Channels.

    Summary.

    Exercises.

17. Introduction to Assurance.

    Assurance and Trust.

    Building Secure and Trusted Systems.

    Building Security In or Adding Security Later.

    Summary.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

18. Evaluating Systems.

    Goals of Formal Evaluation.

    TCSEC: 1983—1999.

    FIPS 140: 1994—Present.

    The Common Criteria: 1998—Present.

    SSE-CMM: 1997—Present.

    Summary.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

19. Malicious Logic.

    Introduction.

    Trojan Horses.

    Computer Viruses.

    Computer Worms.

    Other Forms of Malicious Logic.

    Defenses.

    Summary.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

20. Vulnerability Analysis.

    Introduction.

    Penetration Studies.

    Vulnerability Classification.

    Frameworks.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

21. Auditing.

    Definitions.

    Anatomy of an Auditing System.

    Designing an Auditing System.

    A Posteriori Design.

    Auditing Mechanisms.

    Examples: Auditing File Systems.

    Audit Browsing.

    Summary.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

22. Intrusion Detection.

    Principles.

    Basic Intrusion Detection.

    Models.

    Architecture.

    Organization of Intrusion Detection Systems.

    Intrusion Response.

    Exercises.

23. Network Security.

    Introduction.

    Policy Development.

    Network Organization.

    Availability and Network Flooding.

    Anticipating Attacks.

    Summary.

    Exercises.

24. System Security.

    Introduction.

    Policy.

    Networks.

    Users.

    Authentication.

    Processes.

    Files.

    Retrospective.

    Summary.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

25. User Security.

    Policy

    Access.

    Files and Devices.

    Processes.

    Electronic Communications.

    Summary.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

26. Program Security.

    Introduction.

    Requirements and Policy.

    Design.

    Refinement and Implementation.

    Common Security-Related Programming Problems.

    Testing, Maintenance, and Operation.

    Distribution.

    Further Reading.

    Exercises.

27. Lattices.

    Basics.

    Lattices.

    Exercises.

28. The Extended Euclidean Algorithm.

    The Euclidean Algorithm.

    The Extended Euclidean Algorithm.

    Solving ax mod n = 1.

    Solving ax mod n = b.

    Exercises.

29. Virtual Machines.

    Virtual Machine Structure.

    Virtual Machine Monitor.

    Exercises.

Bibliography.

Index.