Air Pollution Control Engineering

Air Quality and Pollution Control Lawrence K. Wang, Jerry R. Taricska, Yung-Tse Hung, and Kathleen Hung Li 1. Introduction 2. Characteristics of Air Pollutants 3. Standards 3.1. Ambient Air Quality Standards 3.2. Emission Standards 4. Sources 5. Effects 6. Measurements 6.1. Ambient Sampling 6.2. Source Sampling 6.3. Sample Locations 6.4. Gas Flow Rates 6.5. Relative Humidity 6.6. Sample Train 6.7. Determination of Size Distribution 7. Gas Stream Calculations 7.1. General 7.2. Emission Stream Flow Rate and Temperature Calculations 7.3. Moisture Content, Dew Point Content, and Sulfur Trioxide Calculations 7.4. Particulate Matter Loading 7.5. Heat Content Calculations 7.6. Dilution Air Calculations 8. Gas Stream Conditioning 8.1. General 8.2. Mechanical Collectors 8.3. Gas Coolers 8.4. Gas Preheaters 9. Air Quality Management 9.1. Recent Focus 9.2. Ozone 9.3. Air Toxics 9.4. Greenhouse Gases Reduction and Industrial Ecology Approach 9.5. Environmental Laws 10. Control 11. Conclusions 12. Examples 12.1. Example 1 12.2. Example 2 Nomenclature References Fabric Filtration Lawrence K. Wang, Clint Williford, and Wei-Yin Chen 1. Introduction 2. Principle and Theory 3. Application 3.1. General 3.2. Gas Cleaning 3.3. Efficiency 4. Engineering Design 4.1. Pretreatment of an Emission Stream 4.2. Air-to-Cloth Ratio 4.3. Fabric Cleaning Design 4.4. Baghouse Configuration 4.5. Construction Materials 4.6. Design Range of Effectiveness 5. Operation 5.1. General Considerations 5.2. Collection Efficiency 5.3. System Pressure Drop 5.4. Power Requirements 5.5. Filter Bag Replacement 6. Management 6.1. Evaluation of Permit Application 6.2. Economics 6.3. New Technology Awareness 7. Design Examples and Questions Nomenclature References Appendix 1: HAP Emission Stream Data Form Appendix 2: Metric Conversions Cyclones José Renato Coury, Reinaldo Pisani Jr., and Yung-Tse Hung 1. Introduction 2. Cyclones for Industrial Applications 2.1. General Description 2.2. Correlations for Cyclone Efficiency 2.3. Correlations for Cyclone Pressure Drop 2.4. Other Relations of Interest 2.5. Application Examples 3. Costs of Cyclone and Auxiliary Equipment 3.1. Cyclone Purchase Cost 3.2. Fan Purchase Cost 3.3. Ductwork Purchase Cost 3.4. Stack Purchase Cost 3.5. Damper Purchase Cost 3.6. Calculation of Present and Future Costs 3.7. Cost Estimation Examples 4. Cyclones for Airborne Particulate Sampling 4.1. Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere 4.2. General Correlation for Four Commercial Cyclones 4.3. A Semiempirical Approach 4.4. The 'Cyclone Family' Approach 4.5. PM2.5 Sampler 4.6. Examples Nomenclature References Electrostatic Precipitation Chung-Shin J. Yuan and Thomas T. Shen 1. Introduction 2. Principles of Operation 2.1. Corona Discharge 2.2. Electrical Field Characteristics 2.3. Particle Charging 2.4. Particle Collection 3. Design Methodology and Considerations 3.1. Precipitator Size 3.2. Particulate Resistivity 3.3. Internal Configuration 3.4. Electrode Systems 3.5. Power Requirements 3.6. Gas Flow Systems 3.7. Precipitator Housing 3.8. Flue Gas Conditioning 3.9. Removal of Collected Particles 3.10. Instrumentation 4. Applications 4.1. Electric Power Industry 4.2. Pulp and Paper Industry 4.3. Metallurgical Industry 4.4. Cement Industry 4.5. Chemical Industry 4.6. Municipal Solid-Waste Incinerators 4.7. Petroleum