From Assessing to Conserving Biodiversity: Conceptual and Practical Challenges
暫譯: 從評估到保護生物多樣性：概念與實務挑戰

這本開放存取的書籍收錄了哲學家、生物學家、生態學家和保育科學家撰寫的文章，探討當前生物多樣性危機。儘管溝通日益增強、政策和管理反應加速，並且生態系統評估和瀕危物種知識有所改善，保護生物多樣性仍然是一個更令人擔憂的問題，而非已完成的任務。這是為什麼呢？我們物種對自然資源的過度開採是經常被認識的因素，而政府和利益相關者的短期經濟利益通常與實施保育行動所帶來的負擔相衝突。但這並不是全部的故事。本書從不同的角度探討這個問題，探索保護生物多樣性所面臨的概念挑戰和實際挑戰，即：一方面，定義生物多樣性及其所指的「事物」的困難；另一方面，評估生物多樣性和實施有效保育行動的艱難原因。

Elena Casetta is assistant professor at the Department of Philosophy and Educational Science at the University of Turin (Italy), where she teaches Philosophy of Nature and Philosophy of Biology. Trained in theoretical philosophy, she then specialized in philosophy of biology at the IHPST (Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques), CNRS/Paris 1/ENS Paris and at the Centre for Philosophy of Sciences of the University of Lisbon where she was the Principal Investigator of the Scientific Research and Technological Development Project "BIODECON - Which Biodiversity Definition for Biodiversity Conservation?" funded by the FCT, the Portuguese national funding agency for science, research and technology. On the philosophy of biodiversity, she edited, with Julien Delord, La biodiversité en question. Enjeux philosophiques et scientifiques, Paris, Les Éditions Materiologiques, 2014 and she wrote, with Andrea Borghini, Filosofia da biodiversidade, Lisboa, Colibri, 2018.

Jorge Marques da Silva is assistant professor at the Faculty of Science and principal investigator at the Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (University of Lisbon). As a plant physiologist, Jorge is interested on the mechanisms of response to stress, chiefly on the effects of drought stress on photosynthetic metabolism. His main scientific interest is on understanding how interactions of abiotic stresses with photosynthetic metabolism impairs primary productivity. Currently, Jorge is working in highthroughput plant phenotyping, aiming to unravel environment-genetic interactions in phenotype development, with the ultimate goal of improving crop responses to climate change. Jorge also developed a parallel interest in teaching and research in Global Bioethics, mainly Environmental Ethics.

Davide Vecchi is currently FCT Research Fellow at the Department of History and Philosophy of Sciences of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon (Portugal). Formed philosophically at Bologna University(Italy) and the LSE (UK) and biologically at the KLI (Austria) and the University of Santiago (Chile), Davide is broadly interested in theoretical issues in evolutionary biology, particularly concerning the nature of genomic change and the robustness of neutralist explanations of biological complexity. He is also interested in theoretical issues in developmental biology and, more generally, in the way contemporary biology informs philosophical debates concerning, for instance, causation, biological individuality and human nature. At the moment, his research focuses on making sense of the causal role of DNA, genes and genomes in development and evolution.

艾蓮娜·卡塞塔是都靈大學（意大利）哲學與教育科學系的助理教授，教授自然哲學和生物哲學。她在理論哲學方面接受過訓練，隨後在巴黎1大學的科學與技術歷史與哲學研究所（IHPST）以及里斯本大學的科學哲學中心專攻生物哲學，並擔任由葡萄牙國家科學、研究與技術資助機構（FCT）資助的科學研究與技術發展項目「BIODECON - 哪種生物多樣性定義適合生物多樣性保護？」的首席研究員。在生物多樣性哲學方面，她與朱利安·德洛德共同編輯了《生物多樣性問題：哲學與科學的挑戰》（La biodiversité en question. Enjeux philosophiques et scientifiques），巴黎，Materiologiques出版社，2014年；並與安德烈亞·博爾基尼合著了《生物多樣性的哲學》（Filosofia da biodiversidade），里斯本，Colibri出版社，2018年。

豪爾赫·馬爾基斯·達·席爾瓦是里斯本大學科學學院的助理教授及生物系統與綜合科學研究所的首席研究員。作為植物生理學家，豪爾赫對於應對壓力的機制感興趣，特別是乾旱壓力對光合作用代謝的影響。他的主要科學興趣在於理解非生物性壓力與光合作用代謝的相互作用如何影響初級生產力。目前，豪爾赫正在進行高通量植物表型分析，旨在揭示環境與基因之間的相互作用在表型發展中的作用，最終目標是改善作物對氣候變化的反應。豪爾赫還對全球生物倫理學的教學和研究產生了平行的興趣，主要集中在環境倫理學上。

達維德·維基目前是里斯本大學科學學院歷史與科學哲學系的FCT研究員。達維德在博洛尼亞大學（意大利）和倫敦政治經濟學院（英國）接受哲學訓練，在KLI（奧地利）和聖地亞哥大學（智利）接受生物學訓練，對於進化生物學中的理論問題廣泛感興趣，特別是關於基因組變化的本質和中立主義解釋生物複雜性的穩健性。他還對發展生物學中的理論問題感興趣，更一般地說，對當代生物學如何影響哲學辯論（例如因果關係、生物個體性和人性）感興趣。目前，他的研究重點在於理解DNA、基因和基因組在發展和進化中的因果角色。