Algorithms and VLSI Implementations of Mimo Detection

This book provides a detailed overview of detection algorithms for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications systems focusing on their hardware realisation. The book begins by analysing the maximum likelihood detector, which provides the optimal bit error rate performance in an uncoded communications system. However, the maximum likelihood detector experiences a high complexity that scales exponentially with the number of antennas, which makes it impractical for real-time communications systems. The authors proceed to discuss lower-complexity detection algorithms such as zero-forcing, sphere decoding, and the K-best algorithm, with the aid of detailed algorithmic analysis and several MATLAB code examples. Furthermore, different design examples of MIMO detection algorithms and their hardware implementation results are presented and discussed. Finally, an ASIC design flow for implementing MIMO detection algorithms in hardware is provided, including the system simulation and modelling steps and register transfer level modelling using hardware description languages.

• Provides an overview of MIMO detection algorithms and discusses their corresponding hardware implementations in detail;
• Highlights architectural considerations of MIMO detectors in achieving low power consumption and high throughput;
• Discusses design tradeoffs that will guide readers’ efforts when implementing MIMO algorithms in hardware;
• Describes a broad range of implementations of different MIMO detectors, enabling readers to make informed design decisions based on their application requirements.

本書詳細介紹了多輸入多輸出（MIMO）通信系統的檢測算法，重點關注它們的硬件實現。本書首先分析了最大似然檢測器，在無編碼通信系統中提供了最佳的位錯誤率性能。然而，最大似然檢測器的複雜度隨著天線數量呈指數級增長，使其在實時通信系統中不實用。作者繼續討論了較低複雜度的檢測算法，如零強制、球解碼和K最佳算法，並提供了詳細的算法分析和多個MATLAB代碼示例。此外，還介紹和討論了不同的MIMO檢測算法設計示例及其硬件實現結果。最後，提供了一個ASIC設計流程，用於在硬件中實現MIMO檢測算法，包括系統模擬和建模步驟以及使用硬件描述語言的註冊傳輸層建模。

本書的特點如下：
- 提供了MIMO檢測算法的概述，並詳細討論了它們在硬件中的實現；
- 強調了在實現MIMO檢測器時實現低功耗和高吞吐量的架構考慮；
- 討論了在硬件中實現MIMO算法時的設計折衷，以指導讀者的努力；
- 描述了不同MIMO檢測器的廣泛實現，使讀者能夠根據其應用需求做出明智的設計決策。

Dr. Ibrahim Bello received his Bachelor's degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University in 2006, MSc (with distinction) in Microelectronic Systems and Telecommunications from the University of Liverpool in 2010, and PhD in Electronics and Electrical Engineering from the University of Southampton in 2017. During his PhD, he investigated various ASIC architectures for MIMO detection algorithms. In 2019, he joined the Department of Engineering Science at the University of Oxford, where he carried out research in smart energy systems. Dr Bello was previously a lecturer at Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria, where he taught various topics in software development and digital systems design. In 2022, he joined Dyson Technology Ltd. as a Senior Embedded Software Engineer. He retains a keen interest in hardware implementation of digital signal processing algorithms, the Internet of Things, and smart energy systems.

Dr. Basel Halak is an Associate Professor and the director of the embedded systems and IoT program at the University of Southampton. Dr Halak is a visiting scholar at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern, an industrial fellow of the royal academy of engineering a senior fellow of the higher education academy and a national teaching fellow of Advance HE UK. He has written over 100-refereed conference and journal papers and authored four books. His research expertise includes hardware security, digital design, and embedded systems. Dr Halak serves on several technical programme committees such as HOST, IEEE DATE, DAC, IVSW, ICCCA, ICCCS, MTV and EWME. He is an associate editor of IEEE access and an editor of the IET circuit devices and system journal. He is also a member of the hardware security-working group of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

Dr. Ibrahim Bello於2006年從Abubakar Tafawa Balewa大學獲得電氣與電子工程學士學位，2010年在利物浦大學獲得微電子系統和通信的碩士學位（成績優異），並於2017年在南安普敦大學獲得電子與電氣工程博士學位。在博士期間，他研究了多輸入多輸出檢測算法的各種ASIC架構。2019年，他加入牛津大學工程科學系，在智能能源系統方面進行研究。Bello博士曾任尼日利亞Ahmadu Bello大學講師，教授軟體開發和數字系統設計等各種課題。2022年，他加入戴森科技有限公司擔任高級嵌入式軟體工程師。他對數字信號處理算法的硬體實現、物聯網和智能能源系統保持濃厚興趣。

Dr. Basel Halak是南安普敦大學的副教授，也是嵌入式系統和物聯網課程的主任。Halak博士是凱撒斯勞滕工業大學的訪問學者，英國皇家工程學院的工業研究員，高等教育學院的高級研究員，以及Advance HE UK的國家教學研究員。他發表了100多篇經過同行評審的會議和期刊論文，並撰寫了四本書。他的研究專長包括硬體安全、數字設計和嵌入式系統。Halak博士是HOST、IEEE DATE、DAC、IVSW、ICCCA、ICCCS、MTV和EWME等多個技術計劃委員會的成員。他是IEEE access的副編輯和IET circuit devices and system journal的編輯。他還是世界網絡聯盟（W3C）硬體安全工作組的成員。