Low-Cost Solar Electric Power
暫譯: 低成本太陽能電力

這本書以清晰且易於理解的方式描述了最近在太陽能生產方面的重大突破，這些突破有望大幅降低成本。作者針對過去常受到批評的三個關鍵領域進行探討：成本、可用性和變異性。內容涵蓋了最新開發的40%效率太陽能電池的前沿資訊，這些電池的產能是目前商用電池的兩倍。討論中還強調了太陽能儲存與天然氣聯合熱電系統整合機會的潛在變革性出現。隨著低成本進入太空的機會和全球越來越多的大型地面太陽能發電場的興起，晚間的太陽能生產也得到了新的考量。

Fraas博士自1975年以來一直活躍於太陽能電池和太陽能電力系統的開發，涵蓋太空和地面應用。他在波音公司的研究團隊於1989年展示了第一個GaAs/GaSb串聯聚光太陽能電池，並創下了35%的世界紀錄能量轉換效率，獲得了波音和NASA的獎項。他在Hughes Research Labs、Chevron Research Co.和波音高科技中心擁有超過30年的經驗，專注於先進半導體設備。在一篇開創性的論文中，他提出了InGaP/GaInAs/Ge三接面太陽能電池，預測在300倍陽光集中下，該電池的地面轉換效率可達40%。這種電池已成為當今太空衛星的主要電池，並正進入地面集中光伏（CPV）系統的高產量生產。自加入JX Crystals以來，Fraas博士在基於新型GaSb紅外敏感光伏電池的各種熱光伏（TPV）系統的開發中開創了先河。Fraas博士擁有加州理工學院（B.Sc. 物理學）、哈佛大學（M.A. 應用物理學）和南加州大學（Ph.D. 電機工程）的學位。

Dr. Fraas has been active in the development of Solar Cells and Solar Electric Power Systems for space and terrestrial applications since 1975. He led the research team at Boeing that demonstrated the first GaAs/GaSb tandem concentrator solar cell in 1989 with a world record energy conversion efficiency of 35%. He received awards from Boeing and NASA for this work. He has over 30 years of experience at Hughes Research Labs, Chevron Research Co, and the Boeing High Technology Center working with advanced semiconductor devices.

Dr. Fraas joined JX Crystals in 1993, where he has led the development of advanced solar cells and concentrated sunlight systems. At JX Crystals, he pioneered the development of various thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems based on the new GaSb infrared sensitive PV cell. In 1978 while at Hughes Research Labs, he published a pioneering paper proposing the InGaP/GaInAs/Ge triple junction solar cell predicting a cell terrestrial conversion efficiency of 40% at 300 suns concentration. This 40% efficiency has now been achieved and this cell is the predominant cell today for space satellites. It is now entering high volume production for terrestrial Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) systems.

Dr Fraas holds degrees from Caltech (B.Sc. Physics), Harvard (M. A. Applied Physics), and USC (Ph.D. EE). At Caltech, he studied Physics with Prof. Richard P. Feynman. Dr. Fraas has written over 350 technical papers, over 60 patents, and a book entitled Path to Affordable Solar Electric Power & The 35% Efficient Solar Cell (2005). He is co-editor and co-author of a Wiley book entitled Solar Cells and Their Applications (2nd Edition) published in 2010.

Mark O'Neill has been active in the development of solar energy systems for space and ground applications since 1969 when he began his engineering career at Lockheed in Huntsville, Alabama, doing research for NASA. In 1972, he proposed a NASA spin-off program which led to the demonstration of the first solar-cooled house at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. In 1974, O'Neill joined a small firm in Dallas, Texas, where he developed the first commercially available Fresnel lens solar concentrator system. In 1975, O'Neill invented a performance-optimized Fresnel lens solar concentrator and licensed the patent to a large Dallas firm, E-Systems. While at E-Systems, O'Neill proposed and won a number of significant contracts from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to support the development and demonstration of photovoltaic concentrator systems based on his optimized lens. These systems proved to be the highest performing PV systems of all types demonstrated by the DOE around the country. In 1983, O'Neill and some colleagues purchased the solar division from E-Systems and established the new company, ENTECH Inc. ENTECH became a leader in the field of photovoltaic concentrators, winning significant contracts from DOE, DOD, Sandia National Labs, National Renewable Energy Lab, and multiple utility firms. In 1986, O'Neill proposed a space photovoltaic concentrator system to NASA, and began a long relationship that culminated in a number of successful space flights, including the award-winning SCARLET (solar concentrator array using refractive linear element technology) array on Deep Space 1. That 1998-2001 mission used the SCARLET array to power ion thrusters to visit an asteroid and a comet. NASA and DOD funded many follow-on programs to improve the Fresnel lens photovoltaic concentrator systems. After ENTECH was acquired in 2008, O'Neill remained with the acquiring firm until 2011, when he formed Mark O'Neill, LLC (www.markoneill.com), which has continued performing contracts for NASA and aerospace firms related to space photovoltaic arrays, and research in other areas including ultra-bright traffic stripes and daylighting.

O'Neill received his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering from Notre Dame in 1968, and has done graduate studies in mechanical engineering at other schools. O'Neill holds 23 U.S. patents on solar concentrators, prismatic cell covers, daylighting, and retroreflective traffic stripes. He has authored over 200 publications, including chapters on photovoltaic concentrators in two books, Solar Cells and their Applications (1995 Wiley) and Photovoltaics for Space: Key Issues, Missions and Alternative Technologies (2022 Elsevier). O'Neill has won a number of awards, including a NASA TGIR (turning goals into reality) award in 2001, a NASA Exceptional Space Act Cash Award (2012), and an R&D 100 Award in 2012. O'Neill has collaborated with Dr. Lew Fraas since 1989 on programs using Fraas's photovoltaic cells under O'Neill's Fresnel lenses.

Dr. Fraas 自 1975 年以來一直活躍於太陽能電池和太陽能電力系統的開發，應用於太空和地面。他領導了波音公司的研究團隊，於 1989 年展示了第一個 GaAs/GaSb 並聯濃縮太陽能電池，並創下了 35% 的世界紀錄能量轉換效率。因這項工作，他獲得了波音和 NASA 的獎項。他在休斯研究實驗室、雪佛龍研究公司和波音高科技中心擁有超過 30 年的經驗，專注於先進半導體設備的研究。

Dr. Fraas 於 1993 年加入 JX Crystals，並領導先進太陽能電池和集中陽光系統的開發。在 JX Crystals，他開創了基於新型 GaSb 紅外敏感 PV 電池的各種熱光伏 (TPV) 系統的開發。1978 年，他在休斯研究實驗室發表了一篇開創性的論文，提出了 InGaP/GaInAs/Ge 三接面太陽能電池，預測在 300 倍陽光集中下，電池的地面轉換效率可達 40%。這一 40% 的效率如今已經實現，並且這種電池目前是太空衛星的主要電池。它現在正進入地面集中光伏 (CPV) 系統的高產量生產階段。

Dr. Fraas 擁有加州理工學院 (Caltech) 的物理學學士學位、哈佛大學 (Harvard) 的應用物理碩士學位，以及南加州大學 (USC) 的電機工程博士學位。在加州理工學院，他與理查德·P·費曼教授學習物理。Dr. Fraas 已撰寫超過 350 篇技術論文，擁有超過 60 項專利，並出版了一本名為《Path to Affordable Solar Electric Power & The 35% Efficient Solar Cell》（2005）的書籍。他是一本名為《Solar Cells and Their Applications (2nd Edition)》的 Wiley 書籍的共同編輯和共同作者，該書於 2010 年出版。

Mark O'Neill 自 1969 年以來一直活躍於太陽能系統的開發，當時他在阿拉巴馬州亨茨維爾的洛克希德開始了他的工程職業生涯，為 NASA 進行研究。1972 年，他提出了一個 NASA 的衍生計劃，導致在 NASA 馬歇爾太空飛行中心展示了第一個太陽冷卻房屋。1974 年，O'Neill 加入了德克薩斯州達拉斯的一家小公司，開發了第一個商業可用的菲涅耳透鏡太陽能濃縮系統。1975 年，O'Neill 發明了一種性能優化的菲涅耳透鏡太陽能濃縮器，並將專利授權給達拉斯的一家大型公司 E-Systems。在 E-Systems 工作期間，O'Neill