Participatory Modelling and Simulation to Improve Ai-Based Public Social Services: Scientific Advice for Policy and Practice
暫譯: 參與式建模與模擬以改善基於AI的公共社會服務：政策與實務的科學建議

這本開放存取的書籍展示了一系列模型，特別是基於代理的模擬，探討國家政策議程上的緊迫議題，並涉及有關人工智慧（AI）、福利相關社會評估和價值多樣性的前沿問題。這些主題對政策、文化和社會生活具有深遠的影響。本書強調政策建模在解決如何使AI在公共部門中具備特定情境、適應性和反應能力方面的角色。透過來自九個擁有不同價值框架的國家的案例研究，這些模型檢視福利服務提供的選擇，並評估使用AI來增強或取代傳統做法的需求、限制和影響。這些分析反映了社會規範和價值的多元性，同時考慮塑造這些規範和價值的政治、經濟和社會壓力。本書提倡一種參與式的方法論和社會技術基礎設施，以促進更負責任、敏感於價值和具備情境意識的AI及其實施政策的發展。通過將AI研究、創新和政策與社會緊密合作，它為產業和創新領導者提供了一個全新的視角。最終，它提出了一個模型，說明參與式設計和負責任的技術生產如何更好地滿足社會需求。

Petra Ahrweiler (Prof, Dr) is Full Professor of Sociology of Technology and Innovation, Social Simulation, at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany. She was on lien until 2017 to work as Director and CEO at the EA European Academy of Technology and Innovation Assessment in Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Germany. Previously, she was Full Professor of Technology and Innovation Management at Michael Smurfit School of Business, University College Dublin, Ireland, and Director of its Innovation Research Unit. She was also a research fellow of the Engineering Systems Division at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She started her professional career by studying social sciences at the University of Hamburg, Germany. At the Free University Berlin, Germany, she received her PhD for a study on artificial intelligence, and got her habilitation at the University of Bielefeld, Germany, for a study on simulation in Science and Technology Studies. Petra won various research prizes, has long experience in coordinating and completing international, mostly European research projects, publishes inter-disciplinarily in international journals, and has been awarded fellowships of various scientific societies such as the German Academy of Technical Sciences (acatech), and AcademiaNet, the network of excellent female scientists in Germany.

Nigel Gilbert is Professor of Sociology at the University of Surrey UK. He is the Director of the ESRC-funded Centre for the Evaluation of Complexity Across the Nexus (CECAN), which develops and tests methods for the evaluation of complex public policies. A common feature of almost all the projects in which he has been involved is that they are multi-disciplinary and collaborative, bringing together social scientists, public sector and civil society organisations. He is a recognised expert in computational social science with a background in engineering. He was one of the first to use agent-based models in the social sciences, in the early 1990s, and has since published widely on the methodology underlying computer modelling, and on the application of simulation, system dynamics and artificial intelligence for applied and policy related problems such as understanding commercial innovation, managing environmental resources such as energy and water, and supporting public policy decision-making. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the Queen's Birthday Honours of 2016 for services to engineering and the social sciences. He is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, a Chartered Engineer, and a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences, the British Computer Society and the Royal Society of Arts. Gilbert was a Pro Vice-Chancellor of the University of Surrey for eight years and now has a Distinguished Chair there. He has been on the Board of Directors of three start-up companies and has founded two successful academic journals. He is also the founder and Director of CECAN Ltd, a spin-off from the research centre.

彼得拉·阿赫維勒（Petra Ahrweiler，教授，博士）是德國美因茲約翰·古騰堡大學技術與創新社會學、社會模擬的全職教授。她在2017年之前曾被借調至德國巴德諾伊恩阿爾-阿赫維勒的EA歐洲技術與創新評估學院擔任主任和首席執行官。此前，她曾擔任愛爾蘭都柏林大學邁克爾·斯莫菲特商學院的技術與創新管理全職教授，並擔任其創新研究單位的主任。她還曾是麻省理工學院工程系的研究員。她的職業生涯始於德國漢堡大學的社會科學學習。在德國自由大學，她因一項關於人工智慧的研究獲得博士學位，並在德國比勒費爾德大學因一項關於科學與技術研究中的模擬研究獲得資格認證。彼得拉獲得了多項研究獎項，擁有協調和完成國際（主要是歐洲）研究項目的豐富經驗，並在國際期刊上跨學科發表文章，還曾獲得德國技術科學院（acatech）和AcademiaNet等多個科學社團的獎學金，該網絡旨在支持德國優秀女性科學家。

奈傑爾·吉爾伯特（Nigel Gilbert）是英國薩里大學的社會學教授。他是英國社會科學研究委員會（ESRC）資助的複雜性評估中心（CECAN）的主任，該中心開發和測試複雜公共政策評估的方法。他參與的幾乎所有項目都有一個共同特點，即它們是多學科和協作的，將社會科學家、公共部門和公民社會組織聚集在一起。他是計算社會科學的公認專家，擁有工程背景。他是社會科學中最早使用基於代理的模型的學者之一，並在1990年代初期開始，隨後在計算建模的基礎方法論以及模擬、系統動力學和人工智慧在應用和政策相關問題（如理解商業創新、管理能源和水等環境資源、支持公共政策決策）中的應用方面發表了大量文章。他在2016年女王生日榮譽中被任命為英帝國指揮官（CBE），以表彰他對工程和社會科學的貢獻。他是英國皇家工程院的院士、特許工程師，以及社會科學院、英國計算機學會和皇家藝術學會的院士。吉爾伯特曾擔任薩里大學的副校長八年，現在擁有那裡的傑出講座。他曾在三家初創公司的董事會任職，並創辦了兩本成功的學術期刊。他還是CECAN有限公司的創始人和主任，該公司是該研究中心的衍生公司。