Brassinosteroids: Plant Growth and Development
暫譯: 黃銅素：植物生長與發展

植物發育過程的整個範圍是由激素濃度的變化、組織的敏感性以及它們與植物周圍環境因素的相互作用所調控的。植物激素在調節植物的方向上扮演著關鍵角色，並與提供能量和構建植物形態的代謝過程協同運作。已知的激素中，主要集中在生長素（Auxins）、吉貝瑞林（Gibberellins）、細胞分裂素（Cytokinins）、脫落酸（Abscisic acid）、乙烯（Ethylene）以及最近的油菜素類（Brassinosteroids）。在本書中，我們提供有關油菜素類的資訊，這再次確認了它作為植物激素的地位，因為它對植物生命的各個方面有顯著影響，並且在植物界中廣泛分佈。油菜素類對植物的生長和發展、光合作用、蒸散作用、離子吸收和運輸產生了顯著影響，並引起葉子解剖學和葉綠體結構的特定變化。

本書不是一部綜合性的評論百科全書，而是包含了一系列新撰寫的、綜合的、插圖的評論，描述我們對油菜素類的知識。本書的目的是全面介紹油菜素類的相關資訊，直至目前為止。各章節結合了理論和實踐的各個方面，並可作為未來研究的基礎資訊，從而促進顯著的發展。希望本書對學生、教師和研究人員，無論是在大學還是研究機構，特別是在生物和農業科學方面，都能有所幫助。

Dr. Shamsul Hayat is Professor, in the Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He received his Ph.D. degree in Botany from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has also worked as Associate Professor in King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and as a BOYSCAST Fellow at National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan. His major areas of research are Plant hormone, nanoscience and abiotic stress in plants. It has been reported from his group that phytohormone such as brassinosteroids, salicylic acid and nitric oxide play an important role in increasing the photosynthetic efficiency of the plant and regulate the antioxidant system even under abiotic stress. He is also studying the protein profiling in hormone treated plants under abiotic stress.Dr. Hayat has been awarded Prof. Hira Lal Chakravorty Award by Indian Science Congress Association, Kolkata, India, Associate of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, New Delhi, India, BOYSCAST fellow by Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, New Delhi and young scientist by Association of the Advancement of Science, Aligarh, India. He has been the Principal Investigator of the various projects sanctioned by different agencies and guided number of students for the award of Ph.D. and M.Phil degree. Dr. Hayat has published one hundred thirty research papers in leading journal of the world such as Nitric Oxide, Environmental & Experimental Botany, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, Environmental Pollution, Plant Signalling & Behaviour, Photosynthetica, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum with high impact factor and also published ten books by Kluwer Academic, Springer, Wiley-VCH, Science Publisher and Narosa Publishing House. Dr. Hayat has presented his work at several national and international conferences in Japan, Brazil, Spain, China and Saudia Arabia. He is a regular reviewer and on the panel of editorial boards of National and International journals, Dr. Hayat is also member of important National and International scientific societies.

Dr. Mohammad Yusuf is an Instructor (Lecturer) in the Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE. Mohammad received his Ph.D. in Plant Physiology and M.Sc. in Botany (Plant Physiology) from Aligarh Muslim University, India. He has worked as the SERB-Young Scientist and also an awardee of prestigious Dr. D.S. Kothari Postdoctoral fellowship from the Government of India. He has been invited to present his work at Huazhong agricultural university (HAU), Wuhan, China. Mohammad research contribution includes more than 35 research article in the international journal of repute and also more than 1000 google scholar citations with 15 h-index. He is exploring phytohormone mediated abiotic stress tolerance mechanism in crop plants through proline metabolism.

Prof. Renu Bhardwaj is serving Guru Nanak Dev University for more than 27 years in the research area of Plant Growth Regulations and Stress Physiology and has published more than 250 research papers in the journals of National and International repute She has been on various administrative positions like Director IQAC and Professor Incharge Examinations. She has been awarded INSA Visiting Fellowship, CSIR Visiting Associateship, FNESA Award and FLS, London . She completed 15 major research projects and guided more than 30 Ph.D students. She has also organized more than 20 National / International conferences. She has collaborated research both at National and International level.

Dr. Andrzej Bajguz was born in 1970 in Bialystok, Poland. In 1994 he obtained the MSc degree in Biology at Warsaw University, Branch in Bialystok, his PhD in 1998 at the Nicholas Copernicus University in Torun, habilitation in biological sciences in 2012. He works at the University of Bialystok. He is author or co-author of 85 original, chapters and review papers, and 6 books. He is a member of the Polish Biochemical Society, the Polish Society of Experimental Plant Biology and the Federation of European Societies of Plant Biology. Fields of his scientific interest are brassinosteroids and ecdysteroids - their physiology and biochemistry in lower plants. Within the last twenty years the dominant area of his scientific experiments was hormonal growth and development regulation of the algae, mainly through brassinosteroids, which are a group of plant hormones. Research has shown that in Chlorella vulgaris algae biosynthesis of brassinosteroid is concurrent to the so called late and early C-6 oxidation pathway. It was also shown that endogenous brassinosteroids are necessary for the normal growth and development of algae growing in light. It was found that in Chlorella vulgaris 7-oxalactone type are more active than 6-ketone type of brassinosteroids.

Dr. Shamsul Hayat 是印度阿里格爾穆斯林大學植物學系的教授。他在阿里格爾穆斯林大學獲得植物學博士學位。他曾在沙烏地阿拉伯利雅德的沙烏地國王大學擔任副教授，並在日本筑波的國立農業生物科學研究所擔任BOYSCAST研究員。他的主要研究領域包括植物激素、納米科學和植物的非生物壓力。他的研究小組報告指出，植物激素如油菜素類、水楊酸和一氧化氮在提高植物的光合作用效率和調節抗氧化系統方面，即使在非生物壓力下也扮演著重要角色。他還在研究非生物壓力下激素處理植物的蛋白質譜分析。Dr. Hayat 獲得了印度科學大會頒發的 Prof. Hira Lal Chakravorty 獎、印度新德里的國家農業科學院會員、印度新德里科技部的 BOYSCAST 獎學金以及印度阿里格爾的科學促進協會的青年科學家獎。他曾擔任多個由不同機構批准的項目的首席研究員，並指導多名學生獲得博士和碩士學位。Dr. Hayat 在世界領先的期刊上發表了130篇研究論文，如 Nitric Oxide、Environmental & Experimental Botany、Plant Physiology & Biochemistry、Environmental Pollution、Plant Signalling & Behaviour、Photosynthetica、Acta Physiologiae Plantarum，這些期刊的影響因子都很高，並且出版了十本書籍，出版社包括 Kluwer Academic、Springer、Wiley-VCH、Science Publisher 和 Narosa Publishing House。Dr. Hayat 在日本、巴西、西班牙、中國和沙烏地阿拉伯的多個國內外會議上展示了他的研究成果。他是多本國內外期刊的常任審稿人和編輯委員會成員，並且是多個重要國內外科學學會的成員。

Dr. Mohammad Yusuf 是阿聯酋阿布達比大學生物系的講師。Mohammad 在印度阿里格爾穆斯林大學獲得植物生理學博士學位和植物學碩士學位（植物生理學）。他曾擔任 SERB-青年科學家，並獲得印度政府頒發的著名 Dr. D.S. Kothari 博士後獎學金。他受邀在中國武漢的華中農業大學（HAU）展示他的研究成果。Mohammad 的研究貢獻包括在國際知名期刊上發表超過35篇研究文章，並且在 Google Scholar 上擁有超過1000次引用，h-index 為15。他正在通過脯氨酸代謝探索植物激素介導的作物植物非生物壓力耐受機制。

Prof. Renu Bhardwaj 在植物生長調節和壓力生理學的研究領域服務於古魯納納克大學超過27年，並在國內外知名期刊上發表了超過250篇研究論文。她曾擔任多個行政職位，如 IQAC 主任和考試負責教授。她獲得了 INSA 訪問獎學金、CSIR 訪問研究員、FNESA 獎和倫敦 FLS 獎。她完成了15個主要研究項目，並指導了超過30名博士生。她還組織了超過20個國內/國際會議。她在國內外層面上進行了合作研究。

Dr. Andrzej Bajguz 於1970年出生於波蘭比亞維斯托克。1994年，他在比亞維斯托克的華沙大學獲得生物學碩士學位，1998年在托倫的哥白尼大學獲得博士學位，2012年獲得生物科學的資格認證。他在比亞維斯托克大學工作。他是85篇原創論文、章節和綜述文章的作者或合著者，以及6本書的作者。他是波蘭生物化學學會、波蘭實驗植物生物學學會和歐洲植物生物學學會聯盟的成員。他的科學興趣領域包括油菜素類和蜕皮激素——它們在低等植物中的生理學和生物化學。在過去的二十年中，他的科學實驗主要集中在藻類的激素生長和發展調節，主要通過油菜素類這組植物激素。研究顯示，在綠藻 Chlorella vulgaris 中，油菜素類的生物合成與所謂的晚期和早期 C-6 氧化途徑同時進行。還顯示，內源性油菜素類對於在光照下生長的藻類的正常生長和發展是必要的。研究發現，在 Chlorella vulgaris 中，7-氧乳酸型的活性比6-酮型的油菜素類更強。