Quantum Fluids, Solitons, and Vortices: A Primer with Worked Problems
暫譯: 量子流體、孤子與渦旋：帶解題的入門指南

這本書清楚地介紹了探索量子流體現代研究主題所需的關鍵理論概念，特別著重於孤子和渦旋。它旨在為研究生和初級研究人員提供所需的基礎，以便參與該領域的當前工作。

本書的文本首先提供簡要的歷史概述，然後轉向粒子統計、弱相互作用的凝聚態及其動力學，以及線性和非線性激發，包括孤子和渦旋。它還涵蓋了超流氦和量子湍流的物理學。

這一版的第二版擴展並更新了材料，以反映過去十年中的重大發展。新章節向讀者介紹了雙組分凝聚態、偶極凝聚態、量子液滴和超固體、渦旋重連以及量子湍流的現代研究。現在明確區分了二維和三維湍流，並比較了經典（普通流體）湍流和量子湍流之間的差異。

與第一版一樣，每章都包含練習題。本版還在書末提供完整的解答，使其非常適合自學或課程採用。

Carlo F. Barenghi is Professor of Fluid Dynamics at Newcastle University. His current interests are vortex dynamics in the superfluid interior of neutron stars and the comparison between turbulence in quantum fluids (e.g. superfluid helium, atomic Bose-Einstein condensates), and turbulence in ordinary (classical) fluids. He has written more than 230 papers in classical fluid dynamics (including astrophysical magneto-hydrodynamics) and in superfluidity, particularly on the dynamics of vortex lines; his papers have attracted more than 10000 citations. He is a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Low Temperature Physics and has been elected Fellow of the Institute of Physics and of the American Physics Society.

Thomas Bland is a researcher at Lund University working with Prof. Stephanie Reimann on the theory of ultracold molecules and their applications in quantum technology. He completed his PhD under the supervision of Prof. Nick Parker, focusing on solitons and vortices in dipolar quantum gases. Following this, he undertook a postdoctoral position with Prof. Nick Proukakis, where he investigated atomtronics--harnessing the properties of quantum gases for technological applications. More recently, Dr. Bland worked with the experimental teams led by Prof. Francesca Ferlaino, contributing to the theoretical modelling and understanding of the supersolid phase of matter. His work has played a key role in seminal observations of vortices in dipolar superfluids and supersolids. Additionally, he has made theoretical predictions on novel multi-component bulk supersolids and explored connections between the dipolar supersolid phase and the inner structure of neutron stars.

Nick G. Parker is Professor of Theoretical Physics and Applied Mathematics. He has worked on the theoretical understanding and computational modelling of quantum fluids for over 20 years and in collaboration with leading groups such as in Melbourne (Australia), Durham (UK), Hamilton (Canada), Trento (Italy) and Sao Paolo (Brazil). His early work focussed on solitons, vortices and turbulence in quantum fluids, later extending to dipolar and two-component quantum fluids, and most recently including quantum droplets, beyond mean-field physics and applications of machine learning to quantum fluids. As well as his activities in quantum fluids, Nick has parallel research activities in mathematical modelling of biological and ecological systems such as the spread of tree disease and the cultivation of stem cells.

Carlo F. Barenghi 是紐卡索大學的流體動力學教授。他目前的研究興趣包括中子星超流體內部的渦旋動力學，以及量子流體（例如超流氦、原子玻色-愛因斯坦凝聚體）中的湍流與普通（經典）流體中的湍流之間的比較。他在經典流體動力學（包括天體物理磁流體力學）和超流體方面發表了超過230篇論文，特別是關於渦旋線的動力學；他的論文已獲得超過10000次引用。他是《低溫物理學期刊》的編輯委員會成員，並被選為物理學會和美國物理學會的會士。

Thomas Bland 是隆德大學的研究員，與斯蒂芬妮·雷曼教授合作研究超冷分子的理論及其在量子技術中的應用。他在尼克·帕克教授的指導下完成了博士學位，專注於偶極量子氣體中的孤子和渦旋。隨後，他在尼克·普魯卡基斯教授的指導下擔任博士後研究員，研究原子電子學——利用量子氣體的特性進行技術應用。最近，布蘭德博士與法蘭切斯卡·費爾萊諾教授領導的實驗團隊合作，為物質的超固相的理論建模和理解做出了貢獻。他的工作在偶極超流體和超固體中渦旋的開創性觀察中發揮了關鍵作用。此外，他還對新型多組分體積超固體做出了理論預測，並探討了偶極超固相與中子星內部結構之間的聯繫。

Nick G. Parker 是理論物理學和應用數學的教授。他在量子流體的理論理解和計算建模方面工作了超過20年，並與墨爾本（澳大利亞）、達勒姆（英國）、漢密爾頓（加拿大）、特倫托（意大利）和聖保羅（巴西）等領先團隊合作。他的早期工作集中在量子流體中的孤子、渦旋和湍流，後來擴展到偶極和雙組分量子流體，最近還包括量子液滴、超越均場物理以及機器學習在量子流體中的應用。除了在量子流體方面的研究，Nick 還在生物和生態系統的數學建模方面進行平行研究，例如樹木疾病的擴散和幹細胞的培養。