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量子計算正以顛覆性潛力重塑科學和產業邊界。本書致力於為讀者構建貫通量子理論與工程實踐的橋梁，從經典計算局限性切入，追溯量子計算從理論構想到算法突破的演進脈絡，深度對比離子阱、超導、光子等主流技術路線。作為國內首部聚焦離子阱量子計算機工程實現的著作，本書深入解析其核心模塊設計，涵蓋系統架構、高精度真空與低溫環境的構建、激光光路系統的配置，以及測控系統開發與關鍵器件選型，為讀者提供一份清晰可行的技術實現參考。在程序設計層面，本書系統闡釋從量子比特基礎到代表性量子算法的數學原理與實現邏輯，同時介紹主流編程框架及其與AI生態的融合應用，引導讀者逐步構建量子機器學習模型等前沿應用。本書以中國視角，分析國內外量子產業發展現狀，研判未來若幹年這一新興技術在硬件突破、算法創新與生態建設方面的趨勢與挑戰，對產業發展提出了前瞻性的建議。 本書融理論深度、工程細節、編程實踐與產業前瞻於一體，既可作為幫助高校師生深入理解量子計算原理與編程的教材，也可為工程師構建量子系統、開發者探索量子應用、產業決策者把握技術浪潮提供參考，引領讀者全面融入這場正在蓬勃發展的量子革命。
目錄大綱
第1 章量子計算簡介········································································.1
1.1 從經典計算到量子計算···························································.1
1.1.1 經典計算與科學研究的融和············································.1
1.1.2 經典計算的局限性························································.3
1.1.3 量子模擬概念的提出·····················································.6
1.1.4 量子計算概念的醞釀·····················································.8
1.1.5 量子計算的優勢···························································10
1.2 量子計算發展簡史·································································14
1.2.1 20 世紀80 年代——量子計算的起源·································14
1.2.2 20 世紀90 年代——量子計算的突破與物理實現··················15
1.2.3 21 世紀原子型量子計算·················································17
1.2.4 21 世紀電子型量子計算·················································21
1.2.5 21 世紀光子型量子計算·················································26
1.2.6 21 世紀量子算法的進展·················································28
1.2.7 量子計算的商業化和產業化············································33
第2 章量子計算的技術路線·······························································36
2.1 實現量子比特的典型物理體系··················································36
2.1.1 離子阱·······································································36
2.1.2 超導電路····································································43
2.1.3 矽半導體····································································50
2.1.4 光量子計算·································································53
2.1.5 其他體系····································································58
2.2 量子計算的硬件技術······························································61
2.2.1 機械··········································································61
2.2.2 光學··········································································73
2.2.3 電子··········································································78
2.2.4 原子測控····································································85
2.2.5 芯片··········································································97
第3 章實例：離子阱量子計算機的工程實現·······································.108
3.1 離子阱量子計算機的主要構成···············································.108
3.1.1 離子阱系統······························································.109
3.1.2 工作環境系統···························································.110
3.1.3 光學系統·································································.110
3.1.4 測控系統·································································.112
3.2 離子阱系統······························································.113
3.2.1 離子阱模塊······························································.114
3.2.2 原子發生模塊···························································.116
3.2.3 諧振器模塊······························································.116
3.3 工作環境系統···························································.118
3.3.1 整體結構·······························································.118
3.3.2 超高真空模塊···························································.120
3.3.3 低溫模塊·································································.122
3.3.4 減振模塊·································································.122
3.3.5 低溫真空實現步驟·····················································.123
3.4 光學系統·································································.126
3.4.1 穩頻模塊·································································.129
3.4.2 消融模塊·································································.131
3.4.3 離化模塊·································································.132
3.4.4 冷卻模塊·································································.132
3.4.5 回泵模塊·································································.134
3.4.6 操控模塊·································································.134
3.4.7 進阱模塊·································································.135
3.4.8 成像模塊·································································.135
3.5 測控系統·································································.136
3.5.1 測控板卡模塊···························································.138
3.5.2 阱周電氣模塊···························································.141
3.5.3 離子阱工作環境測控模塊············································.144
3.5.4 一體化測控界面模塊··················································.144
第4 章量子編程與算法··································································.147
4.1 量子編程基礎····································································.147
4.2 常見量子算法····································································.154
4.2.1 Deutsch 算法····························································.154
4.2.2 Deutsch-Jozsa 算法·····················································.159
4.2.3 Bernstein Vazirani 算法················································.165
4.2.4 Simon 算法······························································.171
4.2.5 量子傅裏葉變換························································.178
4.2.6 Grover 算法······························································.183
4.2.7 Shor 算法································································.190
4.2.8 變分量子特征值求解算法············································.200
4.2.9 量子近似優化算法·····················································.206
4.3 量子編程框架····································································.211
4.3.1 量子編程框架概述·····················································.211
4.3.2 Qiskit······································································.219
4.3.3 Cirq········································································.222
4.3.4 QuTrunk ··································································.226
4.3.5 QuSprout ·································································.231
第5 章實例：在 QuTrunk 上實現量子神經網絡 ·································.235
5.1 機器學習··········································································.235
5.1.1 人工智能·································································.235
5.1.2 機器學習·································································.238
5.1.3 深度神經網絡···························································.246
5.2 量子機器學習····································································.248
5.3 QuTrunk+TensorFlow 實現量子+機器學習·································.249
5.3.1 TensorFlow 簡介························································.249
5.3.2 應用示例·································································.250
5.4 QuTrunk+PyTorch 實現量子+機器學習·····································.253
5.4.1 PyTorch 簡介····························································.253
5.4.2 應用示例·································································.255
5.5 QuTrunk+PaddlePaddle 實現量子+機器學習·······························.261
5.5.1 PaddlePaddle 簡介······················································.261
5.5.2 應用示例·································································.262
5.6 QuTrunk+MindSpore 實現量子+機器學習··································.269
5.6.1 MindSpore 簡介·························································.269
5.6.2 應用示例·································································.271
第6章量子計算相關應用 ···········································································.276
6.1 量子模擬··········································································.276
6.1.1 量子模擬簡介···························································.276
6.1.2 量子模擬應用···························································.277
6.2 量子優化··········································································.279
6.2.1 量子優化簡介···························································.279
6.2.2 量子優化應用···························································.280
6.3 量子機器學習····································································.282
6.3.1 量子機器學習簡介·····················································.282
6.3.2 量子機器學習應用·····················································.283
6.4 量子密碼··········································································.284
6.4.1 量子密碼簡介···························································.284
6.4.1 量子密碼應用···························································.285
6.5 實例：量子時序預測···························································.286
6.5.1 時序預測定義···························································.287
6.5.2 時序預測模型···························································.288
6.5.3 量子時序預測應用·····················································.289
6.6 實例：QuTrunk 實現量子變分算法·········································.290
第7 章量子計算產業發展趨勢·························································.296
7.1 量子計算產業現狀······························································.296
7.1.1 國際現狀·································································.296
7.1.2 國內現狀·································································.303
7.1.3 國內和國際的比較·····················································.305
7.2 量子計算產業的技術與應用··················································.308
7.2.1 硬件·······································································.308
7.2.2 軟件與算法······························································.308
7.2.3 市場應用·································································.312
7.3 量子計算產業前瞻·····················································.315
7.3.1 量子計算的學術研究方向············································.316
7.3.2 量子計算技術的未來發展············································.318
7.3.3 量子計算產業的全球與國內政策環境·····························.323
7.3.4 關鍵應用領域的挑戰與機遇·········································.325
參考文獻·······················································································.332
