Linux System Administration: A User's Guide
暫譯: Linux 系統管理:使用者指南

Marcel Gagné

  • 出版商: Addison Wesley
  • 出版日期: 2001-09-28
  • 定價: $1,900
  • 售價: 8.0$1,520
  • 語言: 英文
  • 頁數: 560
  • 裝訂: Paperback
  • ISBN: 0201719347
  • ISBN-13: 9780201719345
  • 相關分類: Linux
  • 立即出貨(限量) (庫存=2)

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商品描述

"Gagne is clearly an insider in the Linux community, familiar with both the technical details and the culture, which sets this book apart from others in the field."

--Joseph Sloan, Lead System Administrator, Mirai Consulting

This comprehensive, hands-on guide to Linux system administration provides you with the deeper understanding of the inner workings of Linux and the pragmatic techniques you need to become an outstanding Linux system administrator--whether you are a career administrator in a corporate environment or simply administering your home system.

Written both for those who are new to Linux and those who are already proficient and wish to hone their skills, Linux System Administration starts with the basics and builds up to more sophisticated material.

You will find complete coverage of all major system administration topics:

  • Linux versus UNIX
  • Installation tips and tricks
  • Working effectively with the Linux command line
  • Organizing and working with system users
  • Disks, file systems, backup, and restore
  • The inner workings of X and the graphical desktop
  • Configuring and using scanners, CD-Recordables, and other devices
  • Internet connectivity
  • Finding, building, and installing software
  • Kernel building and renovation
  • Scripting and automation
  • Network administration, electronic mail, and Web services
  • Integrating Windows with Linux
  • System logs and accounting
  • Security and firewalls
  • Performance monitoring and tuning

Using standard Linux tools (PostgreSQL, Apache, Perl, and more) this book will help you deploy a feature-rich corporate intranet featuring online discussion groups, bulletin boards, a company phone directory, and a document center. You will also learn everything you need to know to install a complete electronic mail and Internet gateway solution for your home or office on a single, shared connection. In addition, numerous anecdotes from the trenches, examples of techniques to try, and plenty of experience-based advice bring important concepts to life.

Written with good humor and enthusiasm for the profession of system administration, as well as a deep appreciation for the power and flexibility of Linux, Linux System Administration will teach you the tricks of the trade, guide your efforts, and serve as a definitive and comprehensive reference.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments.
1. Introduction.

What Is Linux?
Why Linux?

The System Administrator's Job.
About This Book.
The Command Line Rules!
GUIs Rule!
Flexibility.
Is There Anything You Can't Do with Linux?
Regrets, I've Had a Few....
Resources.


2. Linux versus Linux versus UNIX.

The UNIX Question.
The Windows Question
A Question of Distribution.
So Which Linux Distribution Should You Choose?
Red Hat Linux.
SuSE.
Caldera.
Mandrake.
Slackware.
Debian.
Turbolinux.

Getting Linux.
Getting Others to Try Linux.
Sharing Space with Windows.
How about No Disk Space At All?

A Changing Landscape.
Resources.


3. Help (and the Truth) Is Out There.

Documentation and Man Pages
What If You Don't Know the Command Name?
Show Me the PATH, man!
Graphical Man Pages.

info (the Command, That Is).
HOWTOs and Distributed DOCs
The Linux Documentation Project
Linux User Groups.
Usenet News.
Resources.


4. Linux System Installation.

Getting Ready for Your Installation.
Hardware Considerations.
Passing Boot Options
Dual Booting.
The 12 (13, 14, 15...) Steps to Any Installation.
Step 1: Booting.
Step 2: Selecting the Installation Type.
Step 3: Selecting a Language (Parlez-vous Francais?).
Step 4: Choosing a Keyboard Type.
Step 5: Selecting Your Mouse.
Step 6: Selecting a Time Zone.
Step 7: Creating a Partition
Step 8: Formatting the Partitions.
Step 9: To LILO or Not to LILO.
Step 10: Choosing and Installing Software Packages.
Step 11: Configuring the Network.
Step 12: Identifying Yourself.
Step 13: The Dreaded X Window Configuration.
Step 14: The Boot Disk Question.

The (Emergency) Boot Disk.
Starting Linux.
Shutting Down Linux.
Resources.


5. Taking Command of Linux.

Linux Commands: Love at First Sight.
Working with Files.
File Naming Conventions.
Listing Files with Emotion!
File Permissions: A First Look
Making Your Life Easier with alias

Standard Input and Standard Output
Piping
tee: A Very Special Pipe.
STDERR
The Road to Nowhere

Linux Commands: Working with Directories.
There's No Place Like $HOME
More on File Permissions
User and Group Ownership.
Who Can Do What?
Who Was That Masked User?
The setuid Bit

File Attributes
Finding Anything
grep’ping for Dollars (or Anything Else for That Matter) and Piping.
Processes.
Forests and Trees.
Interrupting, Suspending, and Restarting Processes.

Killing Processes.
“I Am vi, the Great and Powerful”
:q, :w, :wq, and ZZ
Recovering a VIM Session
Power vi: Start-up Options.

Pico: A kinder, gentler editor.
Emacs
Resources.


6. Daemons and Runlevels.

Daemons and Other Not-So-Scary Things.
The inittab File.
The rc.local File and Runlevels.
Switching between Runlevels
The chkconfig Command.

Runlevels the Graphical Way.
The (Not) Last Word.
Resources.


7. Users and Groups.

Living in a Multiuser World.
When Not to Use the root User.
Managing Users
Managing Groups
Adding Groups.
Modifying Groups.
Removing Groups.

Adding Users
About Home Directories.
Group Participation.
E-mail-Only Accounts
Yet More User-Creation Controls.

Modifying a User Account.
Deleting a User Account
Checking the Password File
User and Group Administration the GUI Way.
Choosing Good Passwords
How Crackers Crack Your Passwords.
Choosing Better Passwords.

What Next?
I Logged In from Where?
How Not to Be a “Sucker” .
Resources.


8. Disks and File Systems.

Everything Is a File.
Understanding Your File Systems.
The File System Tree.
The Root File System (aka /, or Slash).
The /usr File System.

The /var File System
The /tmp File System
The /proc File System
The /lost+found File System.
fsck: The File System Check and Repair Tool.
Bad Superblock?

How Much Space Have I Got Again?
What's This about Inodes?
Mounting and Unmounting File Systems.
Creating File Systems.
Using the New File System.

Working with Quotas
Getting Ready for Quotas.
Turning Quotas On and Off
Setting Limits.
Back to Grace
Letting the Users Know.

Resources.


9. X and the Graphical Desktop.

It's Just Window Dressing, Right?
Graphical Login Managers
Working without a Graphical Login Manager.

The World beneath the Surface.
The xinitrc File.
The .xserverrc File
The Xresources File
Specifying Resources on the Command Line.

Look, Ma! I Can Run Multiple Desktops!
Backing Up and Restoring the Desktop
Running X Applications Remotely
Choosing a Window Manager
The Tab Window Manager (twm).
Window Maker.
KDE.
GNOME.
Qvwm.
Tweaking X and Dealing with Problems.
Key Mapping.
Tuning Video Modes with xvidtune.
The “Messed Up” X Session.

Screen Captures
Resources


10. Dialing Up to the Internet with PPP.

The Basics.
What You Need from Your ISP.
Where the Information Goes

The Graphical Alternative.
Automagic PPP Connections.
eznet.
wvdial.

Resources.


11. Finding, Building, and Installing Software.

Finding Software and Software Review Sites.
Freshmeat.
TUCOWS Linux.
SourceForge.
Rpmfind
Ibiblio.org.

Installing and Building Software.
Compiling from Source.
Step 1: Unpacking the Archive.
Step 2: Building Your Programs.

Downloading and Installing Perl Modules.
Package Managers.
Updating or Installing Packages on a Debian System.
Great, but Can You Tell Me What Is Already There?
Finding Out a Package's Current Release Level
What Is That Strange File?
Using apt-get to Install or Update Software.
Educating apt-get.
Graphical Alternatives.

Red Hat Package Manager.
Installing an RPM Package.
Upgrading an RPM Package.
Uninstalling an RPM Package.
Everything You Ever Wanted to Know about an RPM Package, but Were Afraid to Ask.
RPM: The Graphical Alternatives.

installpkg: Slackware's Lonely Child.
Resources.


12. Kernel Building and Renovation.

What Is This Kernel, Anyhow?
When Should I Rebuild My Kernel?
Downloading and Building a New Kernel.
Automatic Build and Install
What about the 2.4 Kernel?
Resources.


13. Printers and Printing.

Selecting Printers for Linux (and a Note about “WinPrinters” )
How Printing Works.
Filters.
HP JetDirect Adaptors.
Printer Job Control.
Printing Anything to Any Printer.
Tying It Up: Advanced Filters with Ghostscript.
Why PostScript?
A Few PostScript Tricks.
Alternative Print Systems.
PDQ.
CUPS.
Miscellaneous Tips and Tricks.
Resources.


14. Scripting and Scripting Languages.

Shells As Far As the Eye Can See.
It's Commands All the Way Down.
Passing Parameters.
A First Look at Variables.
More on Variables
Special Characters.
Really Programming the Shell.

Specifying the Shell.
Perl.
Perl in Action: A Script for Monitoring Disk Space.

Other Languages Worthy of Consideration.
Resources.


15. Simplified Administration through Automation.

Constructive Laziness.
cron: Punching Linux's Clock.
Testing Your Job.
Editing the crontab.

Could I See an Example?
Running Jobs with at
A Question of Permissions.
Other Tools for Automation.
Automatic Downloads: ncftp.
Automatic Web Fetch: wget.
Scripting for Interactive Sessions: expect.
Automating Interactive Automation.
Resources.


16. Devices, Devices, and More Devices.

Creating Device Definitions.
Major Minor

SCSI versus IDE
Why Choose One over the Other?

CD-ROMs and CD-RWs
The Graphical Way to Burn

Scanners
Back Ends.
Front Ends.
XSane

Tape Drives.
Other Tape Formats.

Miscellaneous Devices.
Resources.


17. Backups and Restores.

The Need for Backups
Basic Tools in Every Linux System.
Using cpio.
Working with tar
Backing Up Windows Workstations.
Selecting a Backup Medium.
Backing Up with dump
Restoring with (You Guessed It) restore.

Identity Backups.
Backing Up to a CD-RW
Backups the Graphical Way.
Taper: A Text-Based Backup Utility.
Kdat: Graphical and Free

Commercial Solutions.
BRU
Arkeia

Other Considerations.
Final Words
Resources.


18. Network Administration.

The Light-Speed Introduction to TCP/IP (Act 18, Scene 1).
Protocols and Suites.

Services and Ports
IP Addresses, Networks, and Subnets, Oh My!
What Are Domains?
IP Addresses and Networks
Subnets, Netmasks, and Broadcast Addresses.

Intermezzo
Setting Up Your PC Network (Act 18, Scene 2).
Drivers
Setting the IP Address.
Routing
Using netstat

Domain Name Services (Act 18, Scene 3).
The /etc/hosts File

Will the Real DNS Please Stand Up.
Setting Up Your Own Name Server.
Defining Your Domain
The /etc/named.conf File.
Listing of /etc/named.conf.
Zones
Your Own Zone File
And Now the Reverse DNS Zone.
Does It Work?
What's All This about “Lame Servers” ?
Who Gets to See the Information?
DNS Wrap-up

File Sharing Under Linux (Act 18, Scene 4).
Network File System.
How Does NFS Work?
Making a Remote File System Available.
Mounting an NFS Partition
Specifying Mounts with /etc/fstab

Simplifying Network Mounts with Linux autofs.
Network Information Service (Act 18, Scene 5).
Configuring the NIS Master Server.
Configuring the NIS Client.
The /etc/nsswitch.conf File.

Miscellaneous Network Tricks: Time Synchronization.
rdate.
NTP.

Wait! What about the GUIs?
Resources.


19. Tools, Tools, and More Tools.

The Web Browser Angle.
Linuxconf.

Webmin
Graphical Administration Tools.
Tiny but Powerful Tools.
Go-Anywhere Linux
tomsrtbt.
Trinux.

The Tiny Conclusion.
There's No Control Like Remote Control.
Resources.


20. Proof of Concept, Part 1.

Of Web Servers and Intranets
Building Your Own Corporate Portal.
Building Apache from Source.
Basic Apache Configuration.
Common Changes

The Basics of Web-Connected Databases.
An Introduction to PostgreSQL.
Perl DBI and DBD for Database Access.
Downloading and Installing the Modules.

The CGI Back End
The Face of the Intranet
Protecting Certain Pages.

Resources


21. Proof of Concept, Part 2.

The Connected Office, Linux Style
What to Look for in an ISP.
Setting Up Your ISP Dial-up Connection with diald.
Automatic Remote Mail Pickup with fetchmail
IP Forwarding and Masquerading.
DNS Revisited.
Putting It All Together.
Basic Firewall Services.
Setting Up the Mail Server with Linux.
Defining the Network.
The Components

Setting Up the POP3 Server.
Setting Up sendmail.
Stopping and Restarting sendmail.
Your DNS Setup.

Setting Up Users and Aliases.
Setting Up Your Client MUAs.
Let’s Send Some Mail

Not-So-Stupid sendmail Tricks
The Multiple Domain, Similar Address Dilemma.
The Multidrop Domain.

Stop the Spam!
Resources.


22. Integrating Windows with Linux.

An Introduction to Samba.
Getting and Building Samba.
A Note on Passwords.
Configuring the Server.
The PC Side
Printing with Samba
Printing from the Windows Client.

The GUI Way to Administer Samba.
Backing Up Windows Workstations.
Running Windows on Linux.
Wine
VMware
Win4Lin.

Resources.


23. System Logs and Accounting.

Your System Logs.
Looking at Your Log Files.
What the Names Mean
Cleaning Up and What the Numbers Mean.
syslogd: The Master Logger.
Back to the logger Program.
Automating the Log-Checking Process.
Logcheck.
Web Site Log Analysis.
Analog
The Webalizer.

Resources.


24. Secure Computing.

A Brief History of Encryption.
Personal Encryption
An Introduction to the Secure Shell.
What Are Your Options?

OpenSSH.
Secure Sockets Layer.
OpenSSH (Right Back Where You Started).
Secure File Transfers.

PGP and GnuPG.
Graphical Front Ends to GnuPG.

Building Trust Relationships.
Encrypting Electronic Mail.

Building a Secure Web Server.
Building the SSL-Enabled Apache Server.
Resources.


25. Security: The Battle for Your System.

What Is a “Script Kiddie” ?
The Basics: Your TCP Wrappers.
What Your TCP Wrapper Is Telling You.
“Hey, My Logs Have Nothing in Them!”
Detecting the Cracker.
The Cracker's Not-So-Invisible Footsteps.
More Thoughts If You Have Been Cracked.
Port Scanners, Sniffers, and the Cracker's Tools.
Sniffers.
PortSentry: Active Intrusion Detection and Response.
ipchains and Firewalls.
Quick and Easy Firewall Solutions.
Locating the Cracker and Reporting Him or Her.
Keeping Up-to-Date.
Resources.


26. Performance Monitoring and Tuning.

The Search for the Holy Grail.
Monitoring and Analyzing Performance.
The uptime Command.
The top Command

Graphical tops.
The free Command
Working with vmstat
What about Good Ol' ps?

Performance Enhancing Tweaks.
/proc Revisited.
File System Tweaks.
Improving Disk Drive Performance.
Do-It-Yourself Benchmarks.
Resources.


Appendix A: The All-Linux Office?
Appendix B: The GNU General Public License.

商品描述(中文翻譯)

「Gagne 顯然是 Linux 社群的內部人士,熟悉技術細節和文化,這使得本書與該領域的其他書籍有所不同。」
--Joseph Sloan, Mirai Consulting 首席系統管理員

本書是一本全面且實用的 Linux 系統管理指南,提供您對 Linux 內部運作的深入理解,以及成為優秀 Linux 系統管理員所需的實用技術——無論您是在企業環境中的職業管理員,還是僅僅是在管理您的家庭系統。

本書針對新手和已經熟練但希望提升技能的讀者而寫,Linux 系統管理 從基礎開始,逐步深入到更複雜的內容。

您將發現所有主要系統管理主題的完整涵蓋:
- Linux 與 UNIX
- 安裝技巧與竅門
- 有效使用 Linux 命令行
- 組織和管理系統用戶
- 磁碟、檔案系統、備份與恢復
- X 和圖形桌面的內部運作
- 配置和使用掃描器、可錄製光碟及其他設備
- 網際網路連接
- 尋找、構建和安裝軟體
- 核心構建與改造
- 腳本編寫與自動化
- 網路管理、電子郵件和網路服務
- 將 Windows 與 Linux 整合
- 系統日誌與帳務
- 安全性與防火牆
- 性能監控與調整

本書使用標準的 Linux 工具(PostgreSQL、Apache、Perl 等),將幫助您部署一個功能豐富的企業內部網,包含線上討論組、公告欄、公司電話目錄和文件中心。您還將學習到在單一共享連接上為您的家庭或辦公室安裝完整的電子郵件和網際網路閘道解決方案所需的所有知識。此外,書中還包含許多來自實務的軼事、可嘗試的技術範例以及大量基於經驗的建議,使重要概念生動呈現。

本書以幽默和對系統管理職業的熱情撰寫,並對 Linux 的強大和靈活性有深刻的認識,Linux 系統管理 將教您行業的竅門,指導您的努力,並作為一部權威且全面的參考資料。

目錄

致謝。
1. 介紹。
什麼是 Linux?
為什麼選擇 Linux?
系統管理員的工作。
關於本書。
命令行規則!
圖形用戶介面規則!
靈活性。
有什麼是您無法用 Linux 做的嗎?
遺憾,我有幾個……
資源。

2. Linux 與 Linux 與 UNIX。
UNIX 問題。
Windows 問題。
發行版的問題。
那麼您應該選擇哪個 Linux 發行版?
Red Hat Linux。
SuSE。
Caldera。
Mandrake。
Slackware。
Debian。
Turbolinux。
獲取 Linux。
讓其他人嘗試 Linux。
與 Windows 共享空間。
完全沒有磁碟空間怎麼辦?
變化的環境。
資源。

3. 幫助(和真相)就在那裡。
文檔和手冊頁。
如果您不知道命令名稱怎麼辦?
告訴我 PATH!
圖形手冊頁。
info(就是這個命令)。
HOWTO 和分散式文檔。
Linux 文檔專案。
Linux 使用者群組。
Usenet 新聞。
資源。

4. Linux 系統安裝。
為您的安裝做好準備。
硬體考量。
傳遞啟動選項。
雙重啟動。
任何安裝的 12(13、14、15……)步驟。
步驟 1:啟動。
步驟 2:選擇安裝類型。
步驟 3:選擇語言(您會說法語嗎?)。
步驟 4:選擇鍵盤類型。
步驟 5:選擇您的滑鼠。
步驟 6:選擇時區。
步驟 7:創建分區。
步驟 8:格式化分區。
步驟 9:要 LILO 還是不要 LILO。
步驟 10:選擇和安裝軟體包。
步驟 11:配置網路。
步驟 12:識別自己。
步驟 13:可怕的 X 窗口配置。
步驟 14:啟動磁碟問題。
(緊急)啟動磁碟。
啟動 Linux。
關閉 Linux。
資源。

5. 掌控 Linux。
Linux 命令:一見鍾情。
與檔案一起工作。
檔案命名規則。
用情感列出檔案!
檔案權限:初步了解。
使用 alias 讓您的生活更輕鬆。
標準輸入和標準輸出。
管道。
tee:一個非常特殊的管道。
STDERR。
通往無處的道路。
Linux 命令:與目錄一起工作。
沒有地方像 $HOME。
更多檔案權限。
用戶和群組擁有權。
誰能做什麼?
那位蒙面用戶是誰?
setuid 位元。
檔案屬性。
尋找任何東西。
grep’ping 為美元(或其他任何東西)和管道。
進程。
森林與樹木。
中斷、暫停和重新啟動進程。
終止進程。
“我是 vi,偉大而強大的。”
:q、:w、:wq 和 ZZ。
恢復 VIM 會話。
強大的 vi:啟動選項。
Pico:一個更友善的編輯器。
Emacs。
資源。

6. 守護進程和運行級別。
守護進程和其他不那麼可怕的東西。
inittab 檔案。
rc.local 檔案和運行級別。
在運行級別之間切換。
chkconfig 命令。
以圖形方式查看運行級別。
(不)最後的話。
資源。

7. 用戶和群組。
生活在多用戶的世界中。
何時不使用 root 用戶。
管理用戶。
管理群組。
添加群組。
修改群組。
刪除群組。
添加用戶。
關於主目錄。
群組參與。
僅限電子郵件的帳戶。
更多用戶創建控制。
修改用戶帳戶。
刪除用戶帳戶。
檢查密碼檔案。
以 GUI 方式進行用戶和群組管理。
選擇良好的密碼。
破解者如何破解您的密碼。
選擇更好的密碼。
接下來是什麼?
我從哪裡登錄?
如何不成為「傻瓜」。
資源。

8. 磁碟和檔案系統。
一切都是檔案。
了解您的檔案系統。
檔案系統樹。
根檔案系統(又名 /,或斜線)。
/ usr 檔案系統。
/ var 檔案系統。
/ tmp 檔案系統。
/ proc 檔案系統。
/ lost+found 檔案系統。
fsck:檔案系統檢查和修復工具。
壞的超級區塊?
我還有多少空間?
這是什麼 inode?
掛載和卸載檔案系統。
創建檔案系統。
使用新檔案系統。
管理配額。
為配額做好準備。
開啟和關閉配額。
設置限制。
回到寬限期。
讓用戶知道。
資源。

9. X 和圖形桌面。
這只是窗戶裝飾,對吧?
圖形登錄管理器。
在沒有圖形登錄管理器的情況下工作。
表面下的世界。
xinitrc 檔案。
.xserverrc 檔案。
Xresources 檔案。
在命令行上指定資源。
看,媽!我可以運行多個桌面!
備份和恢復桌面。
遠程運行 X 應用程式。
選擇窗口管理器。
Tab 窗口管理器(twm)。
Window Maker。
KDE。
GNOME。
Qvwm。
調整 X 和處理問題。
鍵映射。
使用 xvidtune 調整視頻模式。
「搞砸了」的 X 會話。
螢幕截圖。
資源。

10. 使用 PPP 拨号上網。
基礎知識。
您需要從 ISP 獲得什麼。
資訊的去向。
圖形替代方案。
自動 PPP 連接。
eznet。
wvdial。
資源。

11. 尋找、構建和安裝軟體。
尋找軟體和軟體評審網站。
Freshmeat。
TUCOWS Linux。
SourceForge。
Rpmfind。
Ibiblio.org。
安裝和構建軟體。
從源碼編譯。
步驟 1:解壓縮檔案。
步驟 2:構建您的程式。
下載和安裝 Perl 模組。
包管理器。
在 Debian 系統上更新或安裝包。
很好,但您能告訴我已經有什麼嗎?
查找包的當前版本。
那個奇怪的檔案是什麼?
使用 apt-get 安裝或更新軟體。
教育 apt-get。
圖形替代方案。
Red Hat 包管理器。
安裝 RPM 包。
升級 RPM 包。
卸載 RPM 包。
您想知道的所有有關 RPM 包的資訊,但又害怕詢問。
RPM:圖形替代方案。
installpkg:Slackware 的孤獨孩子。
資源。

12. 核心構建與改造。
這個核心到底是什麼?
我什麼時候應該重建我的核心?
下載和構建新核心。
自動構建和安裝。
那 2.4 核心怎麼辦?
資源。

13. 印表機和列印。
為 Linux 選擇印表機(以及關於「WinPrinters」的說明)。
列印的工作原理。
過濾器。
HP JetDirect 轉接器。
印表工作控制。
將任何東西列印到任何印表機。
綁定:使用 Ghostscript 的高級過濾器。
為什麼選擇 PostScript?
一些 PostScript 技巧。
替代列印系統。
PDQ。
CUPS。
各種提示和技巧。
資源。

14. 腳本編寫與腳本語言。
殼層如眼前所見。
這是命令的全過程。
傳遞參數。
變數的初步了解。
更多有關變數的內容。