Biology, 12/e (Paperback)
暫譯: 生物學，第12版（平裝本）
Peter Raven, George Johnson, Kenneth Mason, Jonathan Losos, Tod Duncan
- 出版商: McGraw-Hill Education
- 出版日期: 2019-01-01
- 定價: $1,450
- 售價: 9.8 折 $1,421
- 語言: 英文
- 頁數: 1472
- ISBN: 1260565955
- ISBN-13: 9781260565959
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商品描述
- Description
Raven, Biology puts an emphasis on evolution and scientific inquiry have made this a leading textbook for students majoring in biology. This emphasis on the organizing power of evolution is combined with an integration of the importance of cellular, molecular biology and genomics to offer our readers a text that is both student friendly and current. - New Features You’ll See in Biology, 12e
Part I: The Molecular Basis of Life
Chapter 1：New section added that elaborates on the core concepts and prepares the student for the use of the Connecting the Concepts feature.
Chapter 2：Edited for clarity, especially regarding atomic structure and the periodic table.
Chapter 3：Edited for clarity, especially regarding the structure of nucleotides, the role of ATP in cells, and secondary structure in proteins.
Part Il: Biology of the Cell
Chapter 4：The section on the endomembrane system has been completely rewritten. This includes new material on lipid droplets. Material on adhesive junctions has been rewritten to give a more evolutionary perspective.
Chapter 5：New material on proteins that can alter membrane structure has been added. This provides information on how the different cellular membranes can have different structures. Figure on Na+/K+ pump was redone to address errors in mechanism. Material on diffusion and facilitated diffusion was rewritten.
Chapter 6：The material on free energy and chemical reactions was completely rewritten, including redoing the figures. These changes significantly improve clarity and accuracy. Material on the role of ATP in cells was rewritten for clarity. Discussions of energy throughout the chapter were rewritten to improve clarity and accuracy of chemical concepts.
Chapter 7：The nature and action of cofactors in redox reactions and the role of ATP in cells were improved.
Chapter 8：The nature and structure of photosystems was rewritten for clarity and accuracy.
Chapter 10：The section on chromosome structure was completely rewritten to reflect new data and views of this important topic. The material on cancer was expanded and updated, producing a new section "Genetics of Cancer". This contains significant new information and pulls together material on cancer from this chapter and others.
Part Ill: Genetic and Molecular Biology
Chapter 11：Edited for clarity and readability for the student, especially regarding the events of meiosis I.
Chapter 12：The material on extensions to Mendel was rewritten for clarity and accuracy.
Chapter 13：The material on analyzing and mapping genetic variation in humans was updated and rewritten. The section on Human genetic disorders was completely rewritten to reflect new information, and to make more accessible for the student. A new figure on imprinting in mice was added to clarify this important and difficult concept.
Chapter 14：The material on eukaryotic DNA replication was rewritten and updated. Particular emphasis was placed on the evolution of DNA replication. The section on DNA repair was rewritten and updated and information on mismatch repair was added.
Chapter 15：Content on process of transcription was rewritten to reflect new data on elongation machinery. New data on alternative splicing was included, along with information on the integration of RNA modification during transcription. The section on the nature of mutations was rewritten and includes latest data on human mutation rates. Chapter 16：Overview of control of eukaryotic transcription was rewritten to reflect modern views. Continued updating of the material on chromatin structure and the control of gene expression. Material on control of gene expression at the level of transcription was updated.
Chapter 18：New section added on the 1000 Genomes project to illustrate how fast information on genetic diversity is accumulating. The material on the wheat genome was updated, which provides both new information and approaches to complex genomes.
Chapter 19：Added a new section on the evolution of pattern formation using new material and material from chapter 25. This consolidates material on this subject, and provides a clear vision for the student.
Part IV: Evolution
Chapter 20：The topic of sexual selection was moved into this chapter from the Behavioral Biology chapter. Some material on Lamarck was eliminated, natural selection was explicitly defined, information on snp variation in humans and other animals was added. New examples of pleiotropy were added, and new data on how the speed of racehorses has not changed through time was added along with a revised figure. A new section was added on the role of sensory exploitation as a mechanism for traits to evolve under sexual selection.
Chapter 21：A number of points were updated and an example of vestigial traits involving the toenails of manatees was added.
Chapter 23：The figure on the evolution of feathers in dinosaurs was updated to incorporate new paleontological findings. Discussion of HIV evolution and other points were also revised in light of new science.
Chapter 24：Updated material on comparative genomics of vertebrates. New data on Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes have been added. Presentation of genes unique to humans has been updated and edited for clarity.
Chapter 25：Evolution of Development was eliminated and material moved to other chapters, placing the topic of evolution of development into the appropriate context. This reflects the view that evolution and development are now so clearly intertwined with all of biology that setting off the material in a separate chapter no longer made sense.
Part V: Diversity of Life on Earth
Chapter 26：This chapter has been largely rewritten and now includes material on viral diversity, classification, metagenomics, and taxonomy. The latter part of the chapter now focuses on viruses of medical importance to promote student engagement and interest. Chapter 27：This chapter has been largely rewritten. In addition to the traditional discussion of prokaryotic structure and function, and taxonomy, there is new emphasis placed on microbial ecology and medical microbiology with relevant examples.
Chapter 31：The chapter has been rewritten for clarity. The chapter has also been reordered to bring material most relevant to society to the front of the chapter. The reorganization includes expanding and moving the fungal ecology up earlier in the chapter, as well as expanding and moving the fungal parasites and pathogens up earlier in the chapter. The chapter now ends with the coverage of fungal classification.
Chapter 32：Aspects of taxonomy and natural history were updated in line with new findings.
Chapter 33：The presentation of taxonomic relationships was revised as a result of new findings based primarily on molecular phylogenetic studies, specifically with regards to Platyhelminthes, lophotrochozoans (formerly Spiralia) and a few others. New natural history information was included.
Chapter 34：The discussion of the evolutionary history of vertebrates was substantially revised, especially the sections on lobe-finned fishes/early tetrapods/early amniotes (emphasizing now those terms, rather than referring to all of the early diverging lineages as amphibians or reptiles). Also, the terminology about human evolution was revised to acknowledge the new meaning of “hominin” and “hominid.” A new paragraph on Homo naledi was added to discuss recent discoveries.
Part VI: Plant Form and Function
There have been no major changes in the plant form and function chapters. There has been overall editing for readability and responding to recommendations by reviewers and users of the 11th edition.
Part VII: Animal Form and Function
Charles Welsh of Duquesne University, brought his expertise in animal anatomy and physiology as a Contributor to the Animal Form and Function Part in the 12th edition, placing greater emphasis on evolutionary aspects of animal biology.
Chapter 41：The discussion of the evolution of tissues in invertebrates and vertebrates was expanded, including the addition of a phylogeny and an image of cnidarian tissues.
Chapter 42：The graph of an action potential was revised and improved. Discussions and images of glial cells and cranial nerves were added.
Chapter 43：The chapter was revised and reorganized with regards to the general senses. The evolution of eyes material found in chapter 25 in the 11th edition was moved to this chapter with a revised phylogeny added. The illustration depicting the evolution of the inner ear has been revised to make it more clear, concise, and informative.
Chapter 44：Section 44.2 was formerly organized as action of lipophilic vs. hydrophilic hormones. This has now been reorganized to be a complete overview of how hormones work. This organization should improve clarity for students.
Chapter 45：The chapter was extensively revised. This included the addition of images for the human skeleton, ossification, osteoporosis, invertebrate muscle, comparative anatomy of flying vertebrates, and a new phylogeny that reveals the evolution of various vertebrate skeletal characters.
Chapter 46：The structure of the latter half this chapter was completely reorganized for better conceptual flow.
Chapter 47：The images for the bicarbonate buffering system and the mechanics of breathing have been revised. The discussion of lung volumes and capacities was expanded with the addition of an accompanying figure. A phylogeny of hemoglobin evolution was added.
Chapter 48：The chapter was reorganized and extensively revised. Invertebrate circulatory systems is now the first section in the chapter. The sections on Cardiac Cycle, ECG, Electrical Conduction, and Cardiac Output have been reorganized and revised. The discussions of blood vessels and blood pressure are now in the same section. The phylogeny of the evolution of vertebrate hearts has been revised.
Chapter 50：Material on innate immunity was updated and rewritten for clarity. The coverage on effects of AIDS was also update to reflect new information.
Chapter 51：A discussion of some select invertebrate reproductive strategies has been added, with accompanying images.
Chapter 52：A section detailing the classic experiments regarding pattern formation in chick limb buds has been added. This includes a discussion of AER, ZPA, FGF, Hox genes, and Shh. The material on gene regulation from chapter 25 in the 11th edition has also been added.
Part VIII: Ecology and Behavior
Chapter 53：Stronger emphasis on phylogenetic and evolutionary perspectives was added throughout the chapter, including a new section on evolution and behavior.
Chapter 54：Human population trends and other timely data were updated to stay current. An evolutionary perspective on population adaptation was added to the beginning of the chapter.
Chapter 55：An evolutionary perspective was added in several places.
Chapter 56：New material on the impact of anthropogenic changes on nutrient cycling was added. An evolutionary perspective to discussion of the speciesarea relationship was incorporated.
Chapter 57：Evolution was discussed more thoroughly in the section on microclimate adaptation during adaptive radiation. All of the data on biosphere impacts of humans were updated to stay current.
Chapter 58：The chapter was substantially revised, including much new discussion of the relevance of evolution to conservation biology, including the role of natural selection, the importance of phylogenetic perspectives, and how speciation can lead to biodiversity hotspots.
商品描述(中文翻譯)
-
描述
Raven, Biology 強調進化和科學探究，使其成為生物學專業學生的主要教科書。這種對進化組織力量的重視，結合了細胞生物學、分子生物學和基因組學的重要性，為讀者提供了一本既適合學生又符合當前趨勢的教材。 -
您將在 Biology, 12e 中看到的新特點
第一部分：生命的分子基礎
第1章：新增部分詳細說明核心概念，並為學生使用「連結概念」功能做準備。
第2章：為了清晰起見，對原子結構和元素周期表進行了編輯。
第3章：為了清晰起見，對核苷酸的結構、ATP在細胞中的作用以及蛋白質的二級結構進行了編輯。
第二部分：細胞生物學
第4章：內膜系統的部分已完全重寫，包括有關脂質小滴的新材料。對於粘附接頭的材料進行了重寫，以提供更具進化觀點的內容。
第5章：新增了能改變膜結構的蛋白質材料，提供了不同細胞膜可能具有不同結構的信息。Na+/K+ 泵的圖示已重新製作，以修正機制中的錯誤。擴散和促進擴散的材料也進行了重寫。
第6章：有關自由能和化學反應的材料已完全重寫，包括圖示的重新製作。這些變更顯著提高了清晰度和準確性。ATP在細胞中的作用的材料也進行了重寫以提高清晰度。整章對能量的討論進行了重寫，以改善化學概念的清晰度和準確性。
第7章：改善了輔因子在氧化還原反應中的性質和作用以及ATP在細胞中的作用。
第8章：光系統的性質和結構已重寫以提高清晰度和準確性。
第10章：染色體結構的部分已完全重寫，以反映這一重要主題的新數據和觀點。癌症的材料已擴展和更新，產生了一個新部分「癌症的遺傳學」。這包含了重要的新信息，並將本章及其他章節中的癌症材料整合在一起。
第三部分：遺傳學和分子生物學
第11章：為了清晰和可讀性，對學生進行了編輯，特別是關於減數分裂 I 的事件。
第12章：對孟德爾的擴展材料進行了重寫，以提高清晰度和準確性。
第13章：有關分析和繪製人類遺傳變異的材料已更新和重寫。人類遺傳疾病的部分已完全重寫，以反映新信息，並使其對學生更易於理解。新增了一個有關小鼠印記的圖示，以澄清這一重要且困難的概念。
第14章：有關真核生物DNA複製的材料已重寫和更新。特別強調了DNA複製的進化。DNA修復的部分已重寫和更新，並新增了有關錯配修復的信息。
第15章：有關轉錄過程的內容已重寫，以反映有關延伸機制的新數據。新增了有關替代剪接的新數據，以及在轉錄過程中RNA修飾整合的信息。突變的性質部分已重寫，並包含有關人類突變率的最新數據。第16章：真核生物轉錄控制的概述已重寫，以反映現代觀點。持續更新有關染色質結構和基因表達控制的材料。基因表達控制在轉錄層面的材料已更新。
第18章：新增有關1000基因組計畫的部分，以說明有關遺傳多樣性的信息是如何快速累積的。小麥基因組的材料已更新，提供了有關複雜基因組的新信息和方法。
第19章：新增有關模式形成進化的部分，使用新材料和第25章的材料。這整合了該主題的材料，並為學生提供了清晰的視野。
第四部分：進化
第20章：性選擇的主題已從行為生物學章節移至本章。部分有關拉馬克的材料被刪除，自然選擇被明確定義，新增了有關人類和其他動物的SNP變異的信息。新增了有關多效性的新例子，並新增了有關賽馬速度隨時間未變的新數據及修訂的圖示。新增了一個有關感官剝削作為性選擇下特徵進化機制的部分。
第21章：更新了多個要點，並新增了有關海牛趾甲的殘餘特徵的例子。
第23章：有關恐龍羽毛進化的圖示已更新，以納入新的古生物學發現。HIV進化的討論和其他要點也根據新科學進行了修訂。
第24章：更新了有關脊椎動物比較基因組學的材料。新增了有關尼安德塔人和丹尼索瓦人基因組的新數據。獨特於人類的基因的呈現已更新並編輯以提高清晰度。
第25章：發展的進化部分已刪除，材料移至其他章節，將發展的進化主題置於適當的背景中。這反映了進化和發展現在與所有生物學如此緊密相連，以至於將材料單獨設置在一個章節中已不再有意義。
第五部分：地球上的生命多樣性
第26章：本章已大幅重寫，現在包括有關病毒多樣性、分類、宏基因組學和分類學的材料。章節的後半部分現在專注於對醫學重要的病毒，以促進學生的參與和興趣。第27章：本章已大幅重寫。除了傳統的原核結構和功能及分類學的討論外，還新增了對微生態學和醫學微生物學的重點，並提供相關例子。
第31章：本章已重寫以提高清晰度。章節的順序也已重新排列，以將與社會最相關的材料放在章節的前面。重新組織包括擴展並提前移動真菌生態學的內容，以及擴展並提前移動真菌寄生蟲和病原體的內容。章節現在以真菌分類的內容結束。
第32章：分類學和自然歷史的各個方面已根據新發現進行更新。
第33章：基於分子系統發生學研究的新發現，對分類關係的呈現進行了修訂，特別是關於扁形動物、冠輪動物（以前稱為螺旋動物）及其他幾個類別。新增了自然歷史信息。
第34章：脊椎動物進化歷史的討論已大幅修訂，特別是有關鰭肢魚類/早期四足動物/早期羊膜動物的部分（現在強調這些術語，而不是將所有早期分支的類群稱為兩棲類或爬行類）。有關人類進化的術語也已修訂，以承認「人族」和「人科」的新含義。新增了一段有關 Homo naledi 的內容，以討論最近的發現。
第六部分：植物的形態與功能
植物形態與功能的章節沒有重大變更。整體上進行了可讀性編輯，並回應了對第11版的審稿人和用戶的建議。
第七部分：動物的形態與功能
來自杜肯大學的查爾斯·威爾士作為第12版動物形態與功能部分的貢獻者，帶來了他在動物解剖學和生理學方面的專業知識，並更強調動物生物學的進化方面。
第41章：擴展了無脊椎動物和脊椎動物組織進化的討論，包括新增的系統發生樹和水母組織的圖像。
第42章：動作電位的圖表已修訂和改進。新增了有關膠質細胞和顱神經的討論和圖像。
第43章：本章已根據一般感官進行修訂和重新組織。第11版第25章中有關眼睛進化的材料已移至本章，並新增了修訂的系統發生樹。描繪內耳進化的插圖已修訂，以使其更清晰、簡潔和信息豐富。
第44章：第44.2節以前是以脂溶性與親水性激素的作用組織的。現在已重新組織為激素如何工作的完整概述。這種組織應該能提高學生的清晰度。
第45章：本章已進行廣泛修訂。這包括新增有關人類骨骼、骨化、骨質疏鬆、無脊椎動物肌肉、飛行脊椎動物的比較解剖學的圖像，以及揭示各種脊椎動物骨骼特徵進化的新系統發生樹。
第46章：本章後半部分的結構已完全重新組織，以改善概念流。
第47章：碳酸氫鹽緩衝系統和呼吸機制的圖像已修訂。肺容量和容量的討論已擴展，並新增了伴隨的圖示。新增了血紅蛋白進化的系統發生樹。
第48章：本章已重新組織並廣泛修訂。無脊椎動物循環系統現在是本章的第一部分。心臟週期、心電圖、電傳導和心輸出量的部分已重新組織和修訂。血管和血壓的討論現在在同一部分中。脊椎動物心臟進化的系統發生樹已修訂。
第50章：有關先天免疫的材料已更新並重寫以提高清晰度。對艾滋病影響的覆蓋也已更新，以反映新信息。
第51章：新增了一些選定的無脊椎動物繁殖策略的討論，並附有圖像。
第52章：新增了一個有關小雞肢芽模式形成的經典實驗的部分。這包括對AER、ZPA、FGF、Hox基因和Shh的討論。第11版第25章中有關基因調控的材料也已新增。
第八部分：生態學與行為
第53章：在整個章節中增強了對系統發生學和進化觀點的強調，包括新增的有關進化與行為的部分。
第54章：人類人口趨勢和其他及時數據已更新，以保持當前性。新增了對人口適應的進化觀點，放在章節的開頭。
第55章：在幾個地方新增了進化觀點。
第56章：新增了有關人為變化對營養循環影響的新材料。將進化觀點納入物種面積關係的討論中。
第57章：在適應輻射期間的微氣候適應部分中更徹底地討論了進化。所有有關生物的數據已更新。
目錄大綱
- Table of Contents
Part I The Molecular Basis of Life
1 The Science of Biology
2 The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
3 The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
Part II Biology of the Cell
4 Cell Structure
5 Membranes
6 Energy and Metabolism
7 How Cells Harvest Energy
8 Photosynthesis
9 Cell Communication
10 How Cells Divide
Part III Genetic and Molecular Biology
11 Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis
12 Patterns of Inheritance
13 Chromosomes, Mapping and the Meiosis—Inheritance Connection
14 DNA: The Genetic Material
15 Genes and How They Work
16 Control of Gene Expression
17 Biotechnology
18 Genomics
19 Cellular Mechanisms of Development
Part IV Evolution
20 Genes Within Populations
21 The Evidence for Evolution
22 The Origin of Species
23 Systematics, Phylogenetics, and Comparative Biology
24 Genome Evolution
Part V Diversity of Life on Earth
25 Origin and Diversity of Life
26 Viruses
27 Prokaryotes
28 Protists
29 Seedless Plants
30 Seed Plants
31 Fungi
32 Animal Diversity & the Evolution of Body Plans
33 Protostomes
34 Deuterostomes
Part VI Plant Form and Function
35 Plant Form
36 Transport in Plants
37 Plant Nutrition and Soils
38 Plant Defense Responses
39 Sensory Systems in Plants
40 Plant Reproduction
Part VII Animal Form and Function
41 The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation
42 The Nervous System
43 Sensory Systems
44 The Endocrine System
45 The Musculoskeletal System
46 The Digestive System
47 The Respiratory System
48 The Circulatory System
49 Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System
50 The Immune System
51 The Reproductive Systems
52 Animal Development
Part VIII Ecology and Behavior
53 Behavioral Biology
54 Ecology of Individuals and Populations
55 Community Ecology
56 Dynamics of Ecosystems
57 The Biosphere and Human Impacts
58 Conservation Biology
目錄大綱(中文翻譯)
-
Table of Contents
Part I The Molecular Basis of Life
1 The Science of Biology
2 The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
3 The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
Part II Biology of the Cell
4 Cell Structure
5 Membranes
6 Energy and Metabolism
7 How Cells Harvest Energy
8 Photosynthesis
9 Cell Communication
10 How Cells Divide
Part III Genetic and Molecular Biology
11 Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis
12 Patterns of Inheritance
13 Chromosomes, Mapping and the Meiosis—Inheritance Connection
14 DNA: The Genetic Material
15 Genes and How They Work
16 Control of Gene Expression
17 Biotechnology
18 Genomics
19 Cellular Mechanisms of Development
Part IV Evolution
20 Genes Within Populations
21 The Evidence for Evolution
22 The Origin of Species
23 Systematics, Phylogenetics, and Comparative Biology
24 Genome Evolution
Part V Diversity of Life on Earth
25 Origin and Diversity of Life
26 Viruses
27 Prokaryotes
28 Protists
29 Seedless Plants
30 Seed Plants
31 Fungi
32 Animal Diversity & the Evolution of Body Plans
33 Protostomes
34 Deuterostomes
Part VI Plant Form and Function
35 Plant Form
36 Transport in Plants
37 Plant Nutrition and Soils
38 Plant Defense Responses
39 Sensory Systems in Plants
40 Plant Reproduction
Part VII Animal Form and Function
41 The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation
42 The Nervous System
43 Sensory Systems
44 The Endocrine System
45 The Musculoskeletal System
46 The Digestive System
47 The Respiratory System
48 The Circulatory System
49 Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System
50 The Immune System
51 The Reproductive Systems
52 Animal Development
Part VIII Ecology and Behavior
53 Behavioral Biology
54 Ecology of Individuals and Populations
55 Community Ecology
56 Dynamics of Ecosystems
57 The Biosphere and Human Impacts
58 Conservation Biology
