外輻射源雷達目標探測工程及應用

第1 章 緒論····························································································.1
1.1 外輻射源雷達概述··········································································.1
1.1.1 外輻射源雷達與外輻射源雙站雷達·············································.1
1.1.2 外輻射源雙站雷達的特性·························································.2
1.1.3 外輻射源雙站雷達面臨的挑戰···················································.7
1.2 外輻射源雙站雷達的發展歷史···························································.9
1.3 本書內容安排··············································································.16
第2 章 外輻射源雷達技術········································································.17
2.1 外輻射源雷達方程········································································.17
2.1.1 噪聲條件下的外輻射源雷達方程··············································.17
2.1.2 雜波條件下的外輻射源雷達方程··············································.23
2.2 互模糊函數相參積累·····································································.29
2.2.1 互模糊函數的特性································································.29
2.2.2 互模糊函數的經典計算方法····················································.31
2.2.3 時域補償批處理法································································.36
2.3 主要外輻射源信號與模糊函數特徵···················································.48
2.3.1 DVB-S 信號········································································.48
2.3.2 GPS 信號············································································.51
2.3.3 FM 信號·············································································.53
2.3.4 DVB-T 信號········································································.54
2.3.5 DTMB 信號·········································································.56
2.3.6 5G 信號·············································································.59
2.3.7 不同外輻射源雷達信號探測的影響分析與性能比較······················.61
2.4 外輻射源雷達系統架構及信號處理流程·············································.64
2.4.1 外輻射源雷達系統架構··························································.64
2.4.2 外輻射源雷達信號處理流程····················································.67
第3 章 外輻射源目標電磁散射機理與電磁散射特性·······································.70
3.1 概述··························································································.70
3.2 外輻射源典型目標的散射源及電磁散射機理·······································.71
3.2.1 鏡面反射············································································.71
3.2.2 二面角反射·········································································.72
3.2.3 腔體散射············································································.74
3.2.4 邊緣繞射············································································.75
3.2.5 尖端繞射············································································.77
3.2.6 爬行波繞射·········································································.78
3.2.7 錶面不連續處的散射·····························································.80
3.3 目標電磁散射特性計算方法····························································.82
3.3.1 高頻近似方法······································································.82
3.3.2 全波計算方法······································································.87
3.4 多尺度電大尺寸目標電磁散射特性計算方法·······································.92
3.4.1 基於區域分解的矩量法（SMoM） ···········································.93
3.4.2 基於區域分解的自適應積分方法（SAIM） ································.96
3.4.3 基於並行計算的區域分解MLFMA ···········································.99
3.4.4 高低頻混合算法··································································.103
3.5 典型目標BCS 特徵分析································································.109
3.5.1 隱身飛機BCS 和RCS 對比····················································.109
3.5.2 波音737-400 民航客機BCS 特徵分析······································.110
第4 章 目標散射中心提取與目標電磁散射特徵反演·······································113
4.1 概述·························································································.113
4.2 散射中心模型·············································································.114
4.2.1 散射中心模型概述·······························································.114
4.2.2 點散射中心模型··································································.115
4.2.3 衰減指數散射中心模型·························································.117
4.2.4 基於GTD 的散射中心模型····················································.117
4.2.5 屬性散射中心模型·······························································.119
4.3 基於散射中心的目標雙站電磁散射幅相模型······································.120
4.3.1 目標雙站一維點散射中心電磁散射幅相模型······························.120
4.3.2 目標雙站二維點散射中心電磁散射幅相模型······························.125
4.3.3 目標雙站二維屬性散射中心電磁散射幅相模型···························.128
4.4 基於雙站散射中心的散射場反演·····················································.130
4.4.1 基於雙站散射中心的雙站散射場反演·······································.130
4.4.2 基於雙站散射中心的大角域散射場反演····································.133
4.4.3 目標雙站散射中心幅相模型反演與測試對比······························.135
第5 章 雜波抑制與相參積累處理·····························································.143
5.1 參考信號提純·············································································.143
5.1.1 基於能量特徵的參考信號提純方法··········································.143
5.1.2 參考信號參數重構方法·························································.146
5.2 雜波抑制算法·············································································.150
5.2.1 自適應時域濾波雜波抑制算法················································.150
5.2.2 基於特徵子空間分解的雜波抑制算法·······································.156
5.2.3 實驗驗證···········································································.161
5.3 跨距離單元目標回波相參積累方法··················································.165
5.3.1 基於Keystone 變換的跨多普勒單元走動補償方法·······················.165
5.3.2 基於Radon-Fourier 變換的跨距離單元走動補償方法····················.176
5.4 基於廣義似然比的目標檢測方法與粒子優化快速相關處理方法··············.182
5.4.1 基於廣義似然比的目標檢測方法·············································.183
5.4.2 粒子優化快速相關處理方法···················································.186
第6 章 微弱目標信號合成與增強方法·······················································.197
6.1 基於TBD 的目標回波增強方法·······················································.197
6.1.1 微弱目標檢測動態模型·························································.197
6.1.2 基於貝葉斯濾波的微弱目標信號增強方法·································.200
6.1.3 多普勒擴散高階補償方法······················································.206
6.2 基於最大後驗估計的目標檢測方法··················································.213
6.3 基於同源多頻合成的微弱目標信號合成方法······································.217
6.3.1 同源多頻信號模型·······························································.217
6.3.2 同源多頻信號相參合成方法···················································.219
6.4 基於稀疏表示與重構的多目標回波信號分離增強方法··························.222
6.4.1 互模糊函數的稀疏表示模型···················································.222
6.4.2 互模糊函數的稀疏重構·························································.224
第7 章 目標檢測、定位與跟蹤································································.233
7.1 CFAR 檢測算法···········································································.233
7.1.1 外輻射源雷達目標檢測理論···················································.233
7.1.2 一維CFAR 檢測算法····························································.235
7.1.3 二維CFAR 檢測算法····························································.236
7.2 外輻射源雷達目標定位算法···························································.238
7.2.1 DOA 估計模型與算法···························································.238
7.2.2 時差定位方法·····································································.252
7.2.3 測向交叉定位算法·······························································.255
7.3 外輻射源雷達目標跟蹤算法···························································.259
7.3.1 目標跟蹤···········································································.259
7.3.2 基於時差與角度信息的外輻射源雷達定位與跟蹤方法··················.260
7.3.3 模擬實驗與分析··································································.267
第8 章 電波傳播對外輻射源雷達探測性能的影響········································.277
8.1 星地鏈路電波傳播效應·································································.277
8.2 電波傳播環境建模·······································································.278
8.2.1 電離層環境建模··································································.278
8.2.2 對流層環境建模··································································.281
8.3 電波傳播效應計算·······································································.283
8.3.1 電波傳播衰減計算·······························································.283
8.3.2 大氣折射誤差修正·······························································.286
第9 章 基於衛星外輻射源的目標探測定位技術···········································.297
9.1 概述·························································································.297
9.1.1 天基衛星外輻射源探測技術的提出背景····································.297
9.1.2 衛星外輻射源選擇分析·························································.298
9.1.3 靜止軌道衛星外輻射源體制的優點··········································.299
9.1.4 靜止軌道衛星外輻射源體制的缺點··········································.300
9.2 典型電視轉發衛星外輻射源信號分析···············································.301
9.2.1 中國廣播電視衛星·······························································.301
9.2.2 周邊地區和國家廣播電視衛星················································.302
9.3 典型衛星外輻射源探測定位系統的組成及工作原理·····························.304
9.4 實驗與結果················································································.306
9.4.1 實驗設置···········································································.306
9.4.2 實驗結果···········································································.308
9.4.3 實驗結論···········································································.310
第10 章 總結與展望················································································311
10.1 本書內容總結···········································································.311
10.2 未來展望·················································································.311
10.2.1 非合作雷達輻射源的利用····················································.311
10.2.2 分佈式多站觀測································································.312
10.2.3 主、被動方式信息綜合·······················································.313
參考文獻······························································································.314